THE

Earning JPpwer of RailrO|^4s

1917

JAS. H OLIPHANT & CO.

GHJROADWAY NEW YORK

THE ROOKERY

CHICAGO

^mte ^RoU<.nTOr>..Se tf Y

pm

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Jas. H. Oliphant & Co.

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THE

Earning Power of Railroads

I 9 I 7

Mileage Capitalization Bonded Indebtedness Earnings

Operating Expenses Cost of Maintenance Fixed

Charges Comparative Statistics Investments

Dividends Guarantees, etc.

Compiled and Edited by

FLOYD W. MUNDY

OF

JAS. H. OLIPHANT & CO.

6i Broadway New York City

I 9 I 7 JAS. H. OLIPHA^

-^VTHSON^/^E^OOKERY

Chicago, III

SEP 0 9

Copyright

BY FLOYD W. MUNDV

The iiijormalion contained in this book, although not guaran- teed, has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable

L MIDDLEOITCH CO.. NEW YORK

PREFACE

In the following pages we present important statistics and other facts relating to the earning power and to the securities of railroads, arranged in convenient form for ready reference. The statistics are given for practically all the important railroads in the United States, Canada, Cuba, and South American countries, the securities of which are known, in a greater or less degree, to American Investors.

The Introductory Chapters explain in a general way the fundamental principles which must be applied by the in- vestor to inform himself as to the value of the stocks or bonds of any railroad.

The Tables, which give vital statistics regarding earn- ings, mileage, capitalization, tonnage, etc., are designed to present the statistics mentioned in such a way as to permit of easy comparison between those of each railroad.

The Notes give information as to dividends and such other information about the railroads' capitalization, in- vestments, physical and financial condition, etc., as appears '"C: to be of direct interest to the investor.

The official annual railroad reports have been used almost exclusively in the preparation of this book.

The one hundred and fifty-eight railroads, whose income

4- accounts are given in the 1917 Edition of the Earning

' t Power of Railroads, operated, in the period under review,

<iOabout 250,000 miles of main track. I

PREFACE

The method of presentation is, we believe, such as will readily commend itself to investors and others interested in the securities of railroads.

Jas. H. Oliphant & Co.

Year 1917.

The author desires to acknowledge his indebtedness to Frederic M. Halsey, Statis- tician of Jas. H. Otiphant & Co., for invalu- able assistance rendered in the work of preparing this book.

CONTENTS

Chapter page

Introductory^ 9

Introductory Comment 11

I. Income Account 15

II. Operating Expenses 17

III. Maintenance Expenses 20

IV. Maintenance of Way 22

V. Maintenance of Equipment -26

VI. Traffic, Transportation and General Expenses 32

VII. The Operating Ratio 36

VIII. Fixed Charges -iO

IX. Stock Outstanding in its Relation to Earning Power 45

X. Guarantees and their Relation to Surplus Available for

Dividends 49

XI. Tables 57

Notes 216

INDEX TO RAILROADS

Li<jht face figures refer to Notes: heavy face figures to Tables.

Pages Notes Tables

Alabama & Vicksbvirg Railway 380 147

Alabama Great Southern Railroad 381 148

Ann Arbor Railroad 286 91

Antofagasta (Chile) & Bolivia Railway 477 215

Argentine North Eastern Railway 471 208

Atchison. Topeka & Santa Fe Railway 393 163

Atlanta & West Point Raih-oad 337 128

Atlanta. Birmingham & Atlantic Railway 337 129

Atlantic Coast Line Raih-oad 339 130

Baltimore & Ohio Railroad 234 65

Baltimore & Ohio Chicago Terminal Railroad 239 66

Bangor & Aroostook Raih-oad 216 58

Boston & Maine Railroad 217 59

Buenos Ayres & Pacific Railway r 472 209

Buenos Aires Central Railway 473 210

Buenos Ayres Great Southern Railway 473 211

Buenos Ayres Western Railway 474 212

Buffalo & Susquehanna Railroad Corporation 240 67

Buffalo. Rochester & Pittsbiu-gh Railway 241 68

Canadian Xorthei*n Railway S> stem 455 196

Canadian Pacific Railway 457 |97

CaroUna. CUnchfield & Ohio Railway 344 |3I

Central Argentine Railway 475 213

Central of Georgia Railway 345 132

Central Railroad of New Jersey 242 69

Central Vermont Railway 221 60

Charleston & Western Carolina Railway 346 133

Chesapeake & Ohio Railway 347 134

Chicago & Alton Railroad 287 92

Chicago & Eastern Illinois Railroad 288 93

Chicago & Northwestern Railway 291 94

Chicago. Burlington & Quincy Railroad 292 95

Chicago Great Western Railroad 294 96

Chicago. Indianapolis & Louisville Railway 296 97

Chicago. Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway -298 98

Chicago. Peoria & St. I-ouis Raih-oad 300 99

Chicago. Rock Island & Pacific Railway 397 164

Chicago. St. Paul, MinneapoUs & Omaha Railway 301 100

Chicago. Terre Haute & Southeaste'-n Railway 301 101

Cincinnati. Hamilton & Dayton Railway 302 102

Cincinnati. New Orleans & Texas Pacific Railway 3S1 149

Cincinnati Northern Railroad 306 103

Cleveland, Cincinnati. Chicago & St. Louis Railway 307 104

Colorado & Southern Railway 402 165

Copper Range Railroad 453 194

Cuba RaUroad 464 201

Cuban Central Railways 465 202

Cumberland Valley Railroad 244 70

Delaware & Hudson Company 245 71

Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad 247 72

Denver & Rio Grande Railroad 404 166

Detroit & IMackinac Railway 309 105

INDEX TO RAILROADS

Pages Notes Tablep

Detroit. Toledo & Irontoii Railroad 310 106

Duluth, South Shore & Atlantic Railway 454 195

El Paso & Southwestern Company 40S 167

Entre Rios Railways 476 214

Erie Railroad 250 73

Florida East Coast Railway 351 135

Fonda. Johnstown & Gloversville Railroad 256 74

Georgia Southern «fe Florida Railway 352 136

Grand Rapids & Indiana Railway 312 107

Grand Trunk Railway of Canada 460 198

Great Northern Railway 428 181

Green Bay & Western Railroad 313 108

Guantanamo & Western RaUroad 466 203

Gulf & Ship Island Railroad " 383 150

Hocking Valley Railway 313 109

Illinois Central Railroad 314 1 10

Illinois Southern RaUway 316 III

Indiana Harbor Belt Railroad 317 112

[ntemational & Great Northern Railway 409 168

International Railways of Central America 469 206

Kanawha «fe Michigan Railway 317 113

Kansas City Southern Railway 410 169

Lake Erie & Western Railroad 318 114

Lehigh & Hudson River Railway 257 75

Lehigh & New England Railroad 258 76

Lehigh Valley Railroad 258 77

Long Island Railroad 261 78

Louisiana & Arkansas Railway 384 151

Louisiana Railway «& Navigation Co 384 152

Louisville & NashvUle Railroad 385 153

Louisville, Henderson & St. Louis Railway 386 154

Macon, Dublin & Savannah Railroad 353 137

Maine Central Railroad 222 61

Manistee & Northeastern Railroad 319 115

Maryland & Pennsylvania Railroad 262 79

Michigan Central Railroad 319 116

Midland Valley Railroad 410 170

MinneapoUs & St. Louis Railroad 432 182

Minneapolis, St. Paul & Saidt Ste. Marie Railway 434 183

Mississippi Central Railroad 387 155

Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railway 411 171

Missouri Pacific Railway 413 172

Mobile & Ohio Railroad 388 156

Montana, Wyoming & Southern Railroad 436 185

Nashville, Chattanooga & St. Louis Railway 389 157

Nevada-Califomia-Oregon Railway 452 191

New Orleans & Northeastern Railroad 390 158

New Orleans Great Northern Railroad 390 159

New Orl ans. Texas & Mexico Railway 417 173

New York Central Railroad 262 80

New York, Chicago & St. Louis Railroad 321 117

New York. New Haven & Hartford Railroad 224 62

INDEX TO RAILROADS

Pages Not€8 Tables

New York, Ontario «& Western Railway 270 81

Xew Yorlc, Philadelphia & Norfolk Railroad 270 82

New York, Susquehanna & Western Railroad 271 83

Norfolk Southern Railroad 353 138

Norfolk & Western Railway 355 139

Northern Pacific Railway 437 186

Northwestern Pacific Railroad 453 192

Ohio & Little Kanawha Railroad 321 118

Panama Railroad 470 207

Pennsylvania Railroad 271 84

Pennsylvania Company » 276 85

Pere Marquette Railway 322 119

Philadelphia. Baltimore & Washington Railroad 279 86

Pittsburgh & Lake Erie Railroad 280 87

Pittsburgh & West Virginia Railroad 325 120

Pittsburgh. Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis Railway 326 121

Quebec Central Railway 463 199

Reading Company 281 88

Richmond, Fredericksburg & Potomac Railroad 359 140

Rio Grande Southern Railroad 418 174

Rutland Railroad 233 63

St. Johnsbury & Lake Champlain Railroad 234 64

St. Joseph & Grand Island Railway 418 175

St. Louis & San Francisco Railroad 420 176

St. Louis Southwestern Railway 424 177

San Antonio & Aransas Pass Railway 426 178

Seaboard Air Line Railway 360 141

Southern Pacific Company 447 190

Southern Railway 363 142

Spokane & Inland Empire Railroad 439 187

Tacoma Eastern Railroad 441 188

Tennessee Central Railroad 391 160

Texas & Pacific Railway 426 171

Toledo & Ohio Central Railway 328 122

Toledo. Peoria & Western Railway 329 123

Toledo, St. Louis & Western Railroad 330 124

Tonopah & Goldfleld Railroad 453 193

Toronto, Hamilton & Buffalo Railway 463 200

Ulster & Delaware Railroad 284 89

Union Pacific Railroad 441 189

United Railways of the Havana & Regla Warehouses, Ltd 467 204

Vandalia Railroad 331 125

Vicksburg, Shreveport & Pacific Railway 392 161

Virginia & Southwestern Railway 372 143

Virginian Railway 372 144

Wabash Railway 332 126

Western Maryland Railway 374 145

Western Pacific Railroad Corporation 427 180

Western Railway of Alabama 392 162

Western Railway of Havana 468 205

West .Jersey & Seashore Railroad 285 90

Wheehng & Lake Erie Railway 335 127

Wisconsin Central Railway 435 184

Wrightsville & Tennille Railroad - 379 146

INTRODUCTORY

As a necessary preliminary to the discussion which follows, it must be stated that this book treats in a most simple manner of the earning power of railroads, and deals but little with those features alike most essential to investors the traffic resources and the financial and physical condition of the railroads. As a rule, comparison of the earning power of different roads can be made easily and intelligently owing to the uniformity in this regard of the reports submitted by the railroad companies. Recent legislation by Congress has resulted in establishing in the reports of railroads a practical uniformity which has never before existed. While the balance sheets of many railroads are not as complete and satisfying as they should be, yet individual investigation into the financial condition of any road can readily be made, and. as a rule, its strength or weakness financially ascertained.

All too few details are given in the railroad reports of to- day as to the physical characteristics, the character of rail and ballast, the number of grade crossings, the extent and nature of curvatures and gradients, and the number and character of bridges, culverts, etc., etc. Knowledge of all these, as well as of the character and density of traffic and of the general conditions attendant upon the obtaining and conduct of such traffic, is essential to the complete under- standing of the merits of railroad securities; yet invaluable information bearing upon their relative merits can be ac- quired by comparison of the income accounts of the different roads. While the peculiar and varying conditions

10 INTRODUCTORY

under which each individual road must of necessity be operated impair comparisons^ yet analysis points to certain undisputed conclusions and gives an index to the truth.

There are many railroads of which it must be said that their "cost of road, structures and equipment," as ex- hibited in their financial statements, includes very large items, representing altogether fictitious values. In fairness ii must be stated that owing to the large expenditures for improvements, additions, equipment, etc., which for a series of years have been deducted from their surplus in- come, the "cost of road, structures and equipment" of a large number of railroads is to-day understated in their balance sheets. Where fictitious values are given it will be found that these result from the charges, dating perhaps long ago, of excessive amounts for 'Miscount on bonds," "reorganization expenses," and through the charges for construction of amounts which to-day would be considered fabulous. Per contra, taken in a strict sense, ''bonds and stocks outstanding" represent in many instances little save an equity in earning power. So it becomes of prime im- portance to ascertain the "earning power" of each railroad in order that through the comparison of the "earning power" of each with that of the other, certain conclusions as to the respective merits of their bonds and stocks may be deduced.

INTRODUCTORY COMMENT

It is necessary to point out that the legislation enacted by Congress in June, 1906, has given absolute power to the Interstate Commerce Commission in its discretion to ''pre- scribe the forms of any and all accounts, records, and memoranda to be kept by carriers subject to the provision of this Act, including the accounts, records, and memoranda of the movement of traffic as well as the receipts and expenditures of moneys. The Commission shall at all times have access to all accounts, records, and memoranda kept by carriers subject to this Act, and it shall be unlaw- ful for such carriers to keep any other accounts, records or memoranda than those prescribed or approved by the Commission."

The provisions of this Act in so far as they relate to accounting for receipts and disbursements went into effect July 1st, 1907. The reports issued by the railroads con- cerning operations prior to July 1st, 1907, were made up on the old basis, and the statements and statistics given in this book so far as they relate to operations prior to July 1st, 1907, are made up on the old basis.

On July 1, 1914, a complete revision of the accounting system of railroads was ordered by the Commission. The readjustment of the various accounts makes comparison with former years extremely difficult.

The text of the Chapters immediately following is virtually the same as in the previous editions of this book. The changes in accounting when their operations are perfected will cause several changes to be made in the sug-

12 INTRODUCTORY COMMEXT

tjestions and remarks embodied in the various Chapters ; yet, as a whole, the integrity of the discussion on the analysis of railroad reports will remain virtually without change.

Briefly, the instructions issued by the Commission under the provisions of the Act above referred to, stipulate that, beginning July 1st, 1907, charges for construction, addi- tions, betterments, equipment and all such charges of an extraordinary nature and not strictly operating expenses >hall not be charged to Maintenance Expenses or other- wise included in Operating Expenses so as to constitute <i deduction from Net Earnings. Expenditures of this nature may at the discretion of the railroad be either capitalized or deducted from the year's surplus as ascer- tained after all fixed charges and dividends have been deducted. Eor example, beginning July 1st, 1907, no charges are allowed to be made to Maintenance of Way for improvements or betterments to track or structures where such improvements or betterments exceed in each case $200; so in the case of Maintenance of Equipment, the cost of new equipment, except w^here purchased for replacement, is not allowed to be charged (as in the past it has frequently been charged) to that account. It was the purpose of the Commission to establish definite rules and regulations which should govern ''Renewals" and the "De- preciation" accounts, the purpose of these accounts being that "all the cost of maintenance and not more than the cost of maintenance shall be charged to the maintenance accounts of Operating Expenses." The importance to the investor of the new accounting rules established by the Interstate Commerce Commission cannot be overestimated. 1^0 quote from a communication by the Interstate Com-

INTRODUCTORY COMMENT 13

nierce Commission, "there will arise a general confidence in railway securities which \\\\\ g\\Q them a sure and stable value, provided the enterprise which they represent is a sound commercial enterprise."

The new system when fully established not only will re- sult in close uniformity in the reports of all the railroads, but also wiMend to prevent deception in either undercharg- ing or overcharging Maintenance Expenses on account of repairs and renewals.

For the fiscal years ending June 30, 1908, to June 30. 1916, the accountants of the different railroads w^ere privi- leged to base their charges on account of depreciation of equipment upon what they deemed a fair basis, stating in their reports to the Interstate Commerce Commission the ex- act basis upon which this depreciation was computed. Here- after, as will be discussed in the Chapter ''Maintenance of Equipment," each railroad in its report to the Commis- sion must justify its charges account of depreciation of equipment. It is understood that the Interstate Com- merce Commission will in due course issue definite instruc- tions in regard to this depreciation charge on equipment which will thereafter apply to all the railroads. To the extent that to-day the depreciation charge varies on the different railroads, the present accounting scheme lacks uniformity.

The Commission on July 1, 1914. issued a re-classifica- tion of Operating Expenses, which will be referred to hereafter. This new classification of expenses provides for the creation of depreciation reserves for railroad property other than equipment by means of charges to operating expenses. The use of these depreciation accounts is for the present optional with the carrier. Only a few

U INrKODVCTOKY COMMENT

railroads ina<le any charges to this account during 1914-15 and 1915-16, and it will likely be some years before a basis of comparison may be determined.

In the statements of Income Account in this book taxes are included in Fixed Charges as explained in Chapter XI. Reference is here made to this fact for the reason that according to the rules of the Interstate Commerce Commission, since July 1, 1907, taxes have been deducted from Net Operating Revenues and are not considered as a part of the Fixed Charges.

THE EARNING POWER OF RAILROADS.

CHAPTER I

INCOME ACCOUNT

(Note: Attention is particularly invited to the introductory Comment (page ii) where reference is made to the amendments enacted in June, 1906, of the Act to Regu- late Commerce so far as these relate to the methods of accounting which went into effect July i, 1907.)

The income account, or statement of the earnings and expenses for the fiscal period, is now given in railroad reports as follows :

Operating Revenues $10,000,000

Operating Expenses 6,000,000

Net Operating Revenues $4,000,000

Taxes 375,000

Operating Income $3,625,000 . .

Other Income or Gross Corporate Income.... 200,000

Total Income $3,825,000

Deductions from Income or Fixed Charges :

Interest $1,500,000

Rentals , 75,000

Sinking Funds, Exchange, etc 25,000

Hire of Equipment 25,000

Total Fixed Charges $1,625,000

Net Income $2,200,000

Dividends 1,000,000

Additions and Betterments 700,000

Surplus 500,000

16

THE EARNING POWER

For the sake of uniformity the general accounts as given in the statements of Income Accounts in this book arc arranged in order and styled as explained below.

ACCOUNTS PRESCRIBED BY INTER- STATE COMMERCE COMMISSION.

Operating Revenues, Operating Expense?, Net Operating Revenues, Taxes,

Operating Income,

Xon-Operating Income,

Gross Corporate Income, (or

Gross Income), Deductions from Gross Income,

or Fixed Charges, { Under this lieading are included

"Hire of Freight Cars" Dr.,

and "Rent of Equipment.")

Net Income.

TERMS USED IN THIS BOOK.

Operating Revenues, Operating Expenses, Net Operating Revenues, Taxes are included in Fixed

Charges and the amount thereof

specified. Not used (see under Taxes). Other Income, Total Net Income,

Fixed Charges,

(Under this heading are included "Hire of Freight Cars" Dr., and "Rent of Equipment" and "Taxes," the amounts being specified.)

Surplus.

To any one at all familiar with railroad reports each of the above items is self-explanatory. In ascertaining the earning power or the ability of a road to pay interest and dividends, the most important itern of the income account to be considered is the Operating Expenses.

OF RAILROADS 17

CHAPTER II

OPERATING EXPENSES

(Note : Attention is particularly invited to the Introductory Comment (page ii) where reference is made to the amendments enacted in June, 1906, of the Act to Regu- late Commerce so far as these relate to the methods of accounting which went into effect July ist, 1907-)

The operating expenses of almost all the railroads in the United States are classified according to rules prescribed be the Interstate Commerce Commission. The primary accounts are all embodied under seven general accounts, as follows :

1. ^Maintenance of Way and Structures.

2. Maintenance of Equipment.

3. Traffic Expenses.

4. Transportation Expenses.

5. Miscellaneous Operations.

6. General Expenses.

7. Transportation for Investment Cr.

*Styled Maintenance of Way in this hook.

In the Table Pages of this book accounts (5) Miscel- laneous Operations and (6) General Expenses are con- solidated, while account (7) Transportation for Invest- ment— Cr. is deducted from Transportation Expenses

1. Under Maintenance of \\^ay and Structures fall ex- penses for the repairs and renewals of machinery and tools, for repairs of roadway, track, tunnels and subways, for ballasting, for repairs and renewals of switches, frogs, ties, fences, bridges, culverts, stations, shops, buildings, etc.. likewise according to a ruling of the Interstate Commerce Commission depreciation of track, roadway, etc. (optional).

18 THE EARNING POWER

2. Under Maintenance of Equipment fall expenses for the repairs and renewals, as well as depreciation of loco- motives, passenger cars, freight and other cars and of steamboats and for the maintenace of shop machinery, etc.

3. Under Traffic Expenses fall wages of officers directly in charge of traffic, freight, passenger, baggage and other agents, expenses of outside agencies, advertising, fast freight lines, industrial and immigration bureaus, etc.

4. Under Transportation Expenses* fall wages of station employees, clerks, yardmen, flagmen, watchmen, enginemen and trainmen, cost of dispatching trains, expenses for tele- graph and station service, cost of fuel and supplies for locomotives, expenses for water supply, loss and damage, operating joint yards and terminals (net), etc.

5. Under Miscellaneous Operations fall expenses of dining and buffet service, hotels and restaurants, grain elevators, stockyards, producing power sold, etc.

6. Under General Expenses fall salaries of general offi- cers and office clerks, expenses for legal service, insurance, etc.

7. By means of this account "Transportation for Invest- ment— Cr." operating expenses are credited with the cost of transportation on revenue trains of men engaged in and material for construction, which expense is concurrently charged to various property accounts.

It appears at once from the nature of the expenses which fall under these headings that the amount of the expendi- tures under one fl) and two (2) is, to a considerable de-

(Note: *Where railways operate water lines their expenses include the account •'Transportation- Water Lines" (in this book included in "Transportation Expenses.")

OF RAILROADS 19

gree. subject to the control of. and other things being equal, reflects the conservatism or lack of conservatism in the road's management. On the other hand, under three (3), four (4), five (5), and six (6), fall expenditures which are wholly obligatory in that while they fluctuate each year with the volume of business, train mileage, etc.. they are outlays which are for the most part incident to the present conduct of the road's traffic.

These subdivisions of the operating expenses may then l)e divided into two classes :

A. Maintenance Expenses.

B. Traffic, Transportation, Miscellaneous Operations. General Expenses and Transportation for Investment Cr.

The classification of Operating Expenses, as above, is in accordance with a ruling of the Interstate Commerce Commission issued July 1, 1914. For the seven years prior to July 1, 1914, Operating Expenses were sub-divided into five accounts, viz: (1) Maintenance of Way and Structures; (2) Maintenance of Equipment; (3) Traffic Expenses; (4) Transportation Expenses; (5) General Expenses. For a number of years prior to July 1, 1907, there. were but four subdivisions of Operating Expenses in general use ; viz : one and two, as above, Conducting Transportation and General Expenses.

20 THE EARNING POWER

CHAPTER III A

MAINTENANCE EXPENSES

(Note: Attention is particularly invited to the Introductorj- Comment (page ii) where reference is made to the amendments enacted in June, 1906, of the Act to Regu- late Commerce so far as these relate to the methods of accounting which went into effect July ist, 1907 (with subsequent amendments). The uncertainty which exists as to the exact effect which this system, when in full operation, will have on the statements of the railroads renders it undesirable that any important changes be made in the text of the following chapter which is taken practically without change from previous editions of the book.)

There are many railroads in the United States whose maintenance outlays have been, and are, clearly inadequate. Many more railroads are found, however, whose main- tenance outlays have been heavily surcharged each year. Too often investors are deceived by the general statement in the annual report that "the management is gratified to be able to say to the shareholders that the close of the" fiscal year finds the property of the company in as good condition as it was last year." This is not sufficient. Keen competition and the teaching of the numerous re- organizations have forced upon the managers the necessity of charging to income items which were formerly charged, and from an accounting standpoint, often might properly be charged, to capital account. So the management should be able to say, in lieu of the above, that the improvement work has so progressed during the fiscal period as to keep the property substantially abreast of its competitors. There are few railroads in the United States whose finan- cial policy has been of a constructive order, which cannot, with earnings as they have averaged in the past several years, fully maintain their property and pay their fixed charges. There are many which as the . event has proved could not do this and, in addition, pay dividends.

OF RAILROADS 21 :

Analysis of the yearly expenses for Maintenance of Way ^

and for Maintenance of Equipment will show distinctly :

whether or not a road is becoming more liberal in that j regard.

Comparison of the maintenance expenses of dififerefit j

roads operating under like conditions will tend to establish the relative policy pursued by each.

22 THE EARNING POWER

CHAPTER I\'

. MAINTENANCE OF WAY

(Note: Attention is particularly invited to the Introductory Comment (page ii) where reference is made to the amendments enacted in June, 1906, of the Act to Regu- late Commerce so far as these relate to the methods of accounting which went into effect July ist. 1907 (with subsequent amendments). The uncertainty which exists as to the exact effect which this system, when in full operation, will have on the statements of the railroads renders it undesirable that any important changes be made in the text of the following chapter which is taken practically without change from previous editions of this book.)

Taking two roads in good condition, traversing the same territory and meeting with Hke conditions of trafific, etc., a cursory study as- to their maintenance will establish which of the two is following the more conservative policy. The best standard to be followed by the average student of rail- road reports is to reduce the Manitenance of Way Expense? to a "per mile" basis. Take the total expenses under this head and divide them by the average number of miles op- erated for the period under review. A certain amount must be appro] )riatc(l each year for the maintenance of the road- way and structures, whether the business of the road be large or small. While these expenses must of necessity vary somewhat with the density of traffic, yet it by no means follows that a road with a density of 1,000,000 ton miles per mile of road should spend for Maintenance of Way ten times as much as another road which has a dens- ity of but 100,000 ton miles per miles of road. So it cannot be said that a road the Operating Revenues of which are $10,000 per mile should spend ten times as much for Main- tenance of Way as the road which earns but $1,000 per mile. It follows that one road may appropriate 25 per cent, of its gross for a given period for Maintenance of Way and yet not spend so much relatively as the road which so appropriates but 10 per cent, of its gross.

OF RAILROADS 23

Neither the density of the traffic nor the extent of Operating Revenues determines the fair requirement for Alaintenance of Way. Conditions peculiar to each road will mar the comparison between the amounts per mile expended by different roads. One road has a regular pro- file, as the Northern Pacific ; another traverses a mountain- ous country, as the Atchison; another obtains its ballast from its own gravel pits, conveniently located; another its ties with advantage; yet another has many and expensive bridges and tunnels to maintain, etc., etc. One road may expend but $800 per mile for Maintenance of Way and yet better maintain the standard of its property than an- other road which expends an average of $1,000 per mile. Some roads have branch lines where it would be wasteful under existing conditions of traffic to expend more than $500 or so per mile. The small expenditures on these branch lines would reduce considerably the average out- lay for the system, yet it w^ould not follow that this rela- tively small average outlay was working to the disadvantage of this system with reference to competitive business.

Obviously the road with a considerable mileage of sec- ond and third tracks should require a larger expenditure "per mile of road" for Maintenance of Way than the road with few or no additional main tracks. Where the roads to be compared have double tracks, comparison should be made of the Maintenance of Way ''per mile of single main track," although it should be borne in mind that it costs more, under like conditions to maintain two miles of single track than one mile of double track. Another modifica- tion arises from the fact that the nature and extent of the business of certain roads necessitate the maintenance of a relatively large percentaj2:e of side and passing tracks.

24 THE EARNING POWER

During recent years Maintenance of Way Expenses have shown a natural tendency to increase. Railroads, which in the past have used 75 to 80 pound rail in main track have made their renewals largely with the more costly 90 and 100 pound rail; likewise 50 to 60 pound rail has been replaced with 70 to 80 pound rail. The heavier rail has been found necessary owing to the increasing use of steel equipment and larger locomotives. The use of this heavy equipment has compelled the railroads to replace and strengthen bridges, culverts and embankments, and to spend large sums for ballasting, etc. Likewise ties, rail joints and other materials, have considerably advanced in cost.

It is, therefore, safe to say that when a railroad's Maintenance of Way Expenses average below $800 to $1,000 per mile of road these expenses should receive care- ful scrutiny by the intending investor.

As stated in a previous chapter Maintenance of Way expenses will hereafter include accounts for Depreciation. The ruling of the Commission dated J^dy 1, 1914, follows:

"Depreciation of Fixed Improvements. Deprecia- tion accounts, in which to include uniform monthly charges to cover the depreciation of fixed improvements, have been provided for the purpose of creating reserves which will meet or reduce the amounts otherwise chargeable, as may be appropriate, to operating expense or to profit and loss accounts to cover property retired. Such depreciation charges shall be based in each instance upon the percentage of the original cost (estimated if not known), ledger \alue, or purchase price of the property determined to be equitable by the carrier's experience and best sources of information as to the actual current loss from deprecia-

OF RAILROADS 25

tion. A statement of the bases used by the carrier for computing these charges shall be included in its annual re- port to the Commission. Until further directed the use of depreciation accounts for fixed improvements is optional with the carrier."

26 THE EARNING POWER

CHAPTER V

MAINTENANCE OF EQUIPMENT

(Note: Attention is particularly invited to the Introductory Comment (page ii) where reference is made to the amendments enacted in June, 1906, of the Act to Regu- late Commerce so far as these relate to the methods of accounting which went into effect July ist. 1907 (with subsequent amendments). The uncertainty which exists as to the exact effect which this system, when in full operation, will have on the statements of the railroads renders it undesirable that any important changes be made in the text of the following chapter which is taken practically without change from previous editions of this book.)

Comparison of the Maintenance of Equipment Expenses "per mile of road" avails little. The best basis for testing the sufficiency of these is to ascertain the average amount expended on equipment per unit of service rendered by the equipment; that is, the average outlay per locomotive per mile run, per freight car per mile run and per passenger car per mile run. Maintenance of Equipment depends not alone upon the amount of equipment to be maintained, but also upon the service rendered by the equipment. It stands to reason that the Erie Railroad, for example, with a freight density, as of 1915-16, of 3,793,698 ton miles and a passenger density of 261,698 passenger miles per mile of road, must expend more "per mile of road" for Mainte- nance of Equipment than the Atchison, with a freight density, as of last year, of 875,353 ton miles, and a pas- senger density of 140,879 passenger miles per mile of road. The relatively larger volume of business done or work- performed by the Erie requires a relatively larger amount of Equipment and a greater service to be rendered by its equipment. It will be found that Maintenance of Equip- ment Expenses have usually a direct relation to the road's freight and passenger density, this relation being aflfected to a considerable degree by train and car loading and other essential factors.

OF RAILROADS 27

An example will tend to establish that equipment maintenance has necessarily no relation to gross earnings. Suppose the tonnage of one road consists altogether of low class freight, as coal or iron ores, and the tonnage of another road wholly of high class freight. Each road earns $20,000 per mile. The density of the first road's traffic and, as a consequence, the service rendered by its equip- ment, must be far greater than that of the second road. The business of the one road might be successfully con- ducted with one-third of the equipment and power required by the other : Ergo, an outlay of $2,000 per mile for equipment maintenance on the road with the low class ton- nage might be no greater relatively than an outlay of $1,000 per mile on the other road.

It may be said that under present conditions an average of $2,500 to $3,000 per annum per locomotive, $75 to $85 per annum per freight car and $750 to $850 per annum per passenger car approximate normal maintenance require- ments. All this depends much upon the character of equip- ment required in the service. It usually costs less, for ex- ample, to purchase and maintain coal cars and flat cars than box cars and refrigerator cars. No argument is necessary to show that it must cost more per unit to maintain a small equipment than a larger one.

Among other important considerations which bear upon the cost of maintaining a road's locomotives and cars may be mentioned the location and equipment of its shops.

There are many roads where, although maintenance both for roadway and equipment is clearly surcharged, the ex- tent of the excess of maintenance over normal require- ments cannot be taken as present earning power. Take again, for example, the Erie or Atchison as distinct from

28 THE EARNING POWER

the Baltimore & Ohio, or the Pennsylvania Railroad. While the Baltimore & Ohio and the Pennsylvania do not usually report a surplus much in excess of dividend re- quirements, yet these companies should be able to pay steadily reasonable dividends, for the reason that when there comes a bad year, there is, and for years has been, abundant opportunity for curtailment of maintenance ex- penses. After reorganization, the properties of the Erie and Atchison were turned over to the new managers in a deplorable physical condition. Here the needs were so un- usual as to make imperative extraordinary charges to, operating expenses for maintenance. The excess of these expenses over normal requirements could be considered only as offering opportunity for future retrenchment. It could in no way be taken as an immediate margin of safety.

Following the rulings of the Interstate Commerce Com- tnission, a majority of the railroad companies charged to Maintenance of Equipment during the last fiscal year, amounts for depreciation varying from six per cent, to one per ce^it. and less.

From even a casual examination of the railroad reports for the past fiscal year, it is apparent that until the Com- mission shall specify the exact rate to he charged on ac- count of depreciation of equipment, the desired result for zvhich the law was enacted will not be attained.

Hereafter each railway in its report to the Commission must explain the basis used in charging depreciation as per the following rule of the Commission : ''Equipment Depreciation.

"The various depreciation accounts shall include uniform monthly charges' representing the depreciation of equip-

OF RAILROADS

29

ment. These charges shaU be based upon the percentage of the original cost (estimated if not known), ledger value, or purchase price of such equipment determined to be equitable from the carrier's experience and best sources of information as to the average current loss from deprecia- tion. A statement of the percentages used by the carrier for computing these charges, together with the estimated life of the equipment upon which such percentages are based, shall be included in its annual report to the Commis- sion.

''Depreciation charges with respect to any equipment shall cease when the difference between the ledger value and the estimated scrap value shall have been credited to the accrued depreciation account."

The following table indicates the rates recently reported in use by a number of important railways in computing de- preciation of equipment :

Atlantic Coast Line R. R...

Baltimore & Ohio. R. R

Boston & Maine R. R

C. R. R. of X. J

Chesapeake & Ohio Rv

Chi., M. & St. Paul Rv

C. C. C. & St. L. Rv...'

Dela.. Lack'a & \V. R. R.. .

Erie R. R

Gt. Northern Rv

Illinois Central 'R. R

Lehigh Valley R. R

Maine Central R. R

X. Y. Central & H. R. R. R..,

Xorfolk & Western Ry

Seaboard Air Line Ry

Southern Ry

Passenger Freight

\\-ork

Loco-

Train

Train

Equip-

notives

Cars

Cars

ment

%

%

%

%

3

2*

3

2

4

3

3 to 5

6

3

2

2

2

4

3

4

4

1/2

VA

W2

1^/2

1

1

1

1

9

2

2

2

5t

2i/2t

6t

6t

3

3

4

4

5t

4

+ +

3

3

4

5

234

m

\y^xo2M

3

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

3

3

3

3

2

2

2

2

2

2

2V2 to Ya,

2M

30 THE EARNING POWER

♦Dining cars 5%. fLess estimated salvage value. $0n steam locomotives rates vary from 2).2>Z% to 7.14% and on electric loco- motives rate is 10% ; on freight and work cars rates vary from ?>.2)2)% to 6.67% (box cars 4%, stock, coal, gondolas, oil tank, etc., 5%).

As an example of the method used by the railroads in charging and crediting Depreciation Reserve the following table is of interest :

RESERVE FOR DEPRECIATION OF EQUIPMENT.

PENNSYLVANIA R. R.

1915

Credit Balance January 1, 1915 $17,461,707

Credits during year 1915

From Charges to Operating Expenses:

Depreciation $6,177,124

Renewals 383,636

From Salvage, etc 1,186.526

Amount ; charged to other com- panies for depreciation on P. K. R.'s equipment used by them .... 1,705,473

$9,452,760

Total Credits $26,914,467

Less

Equipment Retired :

Locomotives $2,364,766

Passenger Cars 1,517,653

Freight Cars 2,775.645

Work Equipment 110,743

Floating Equipment 108,756

6,877,563

Credit Balance December 31. 1915 $20,036,904

To maintain the standard and value of the equipment there has been expended out of the above for new equipment $13,978,155

And for the balance unexpended, new equipment has been ordered under contract $6,058,749

The following table indicates the approximate amounts

expended during 1914-15 by various railroads for repairs

and renewals also the amounts charged for depreciation of

OF RAILROADS 31

equipment. The methods of calculation used by the com- panies enumerated below, differ radically. Practically no two roads mentioned below follow the same rule in com- puting depreciation of equipment and, likewise, the per unit of equipment expenses of certain roads, for example the Atchison, Topeka & Sante Fe Ry. includes certain amounts charged to superintendence, injuries to persons, shop machinery, maintaining joint equipment at terminals, etc. The table follows: p^j. p^j. p^j.

Loco- Passenger Freight motive Car Car

Atch., Topeka & Santa Fe Ry. . . . $4,600 $1,204 $129

El Paso Southwestern Ry 2.927 1,083 105

St. Louis Southwestern Ry *2,295 *642 101

Union Pacific R. R 3,591 1,021 96

Seaboard Air Line Ry 2.096 734 54

Atlantic Coast Line R. R *2,213 *850 *88

Minneapolis & St. Louis Ry *2,775 *607 *80

tPitts. & L. E. R. R *2,404 *1.500 *100

tNew Orleans, Mob. & Chi. R. R... *1.952 *692 *64

♦Approximate. fYear 1914. JYear 1913-14.

For roads of Class 1 (having annual operating revenues above $1,000,000) for the fiscal year 1914, the average cost of repairs per unit of equipment was as follows :*

Freight Passenger Locomotives cars cars

United States $2,812 $80.47 $634.45

Eastern District 2,812 81.74 600.19

Southern District 2,759 88.80 757.54

Western District 2,836 74.52 637.41

The average cost of repairs, renewals, and depreciation

per unit of equipment was as follows :

Freight Passengei

Locomotives cars cars

United States $3,214 $105.06 %779.37

Eastern District 3,252 107.53 793.28

Southern District 3,142 115.38 904.02

Western District 3,198 96.43 789.60

♦Statistics furnished by Bureau of Railway Economics, Washing ton, D. C.

32 THE EARNING POWER

CHAPTER VI B

TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION EXPENSES, MISCELLANEOUS OPERATIONS, ETC.

As previously suggested, under these subdivisions of the operating expenses fall those expenses which, as distinct from Maintenance of Way and Maintenance of Equip- ment, must be taken as in large part being in the nature of a fixed or obligatory charge. They relate and are incident to the immediate conduct of the road's business, and like those commonly called "fixed charges" interest, taxes and rentals their payment cannot long be delayed. If a road is hard pressed, means may be found whereby the payment of a portion of these expenses can be postponed but only for a short time. In the discussion as to main- tenance expenses it was made clear that those expenses are, under necessity or in the discretion of the manage- ment, capable of curtailment. It will be found that the amount per mile of the Transportation Expenses has a general relation to the traffic density. This results from the fact that these expenses depend largely upon the train mileage; engine mileage also is an important factor. As density increases, other things, as trainload and carload, being equal, the train mileage increases.

To the average investor the essential thing to consider is the percentage of Operating Revenues required for these groups of Operating Expenses. Where this and the per- centage of Gross required for Fixed Charges is given, it is seen what remains for maintenance and dividends. The questions of train and engine mileage, train and car

OF RAILROADS Zi

loading, ton and train mile cost and earnings, etc., are of extreme interest and should be carefully dealt with. These will be passed over here in favor of the more vital con- siderations which reflect all these the bearing of operat- ing expenses (other than maintenance) upon gross earn- ings. It is believed that it is not far from the truth to say that for all the railroads in the United States these ex- penses did not require for the year 1915-16 more than 40 per cent, of the total gross earnings.

Traffic, miscellaneous Operations and General Expenses have no such relation to traffic density as have the Trans- portation Expenses. They tend to constancy and vary but little with the amount of business done. These expenses are often relatively greater on a small than on a large road. As Traffic, Miscellaneous Operations and General Expenses make up but a small part of the operating expenses, and as they partake of the nature of Transportation Expenses, as distinct from Maintenance Expenses, it is right here to class them with the Transportation Expenses.

Where, in the comparison of two roads with like char- acter of business, it is found that these expenses of one require a relatively larger percentage of gross than in the case of the other, it means one or both of two things: either that with relatively like rates, for the work per- formed the one road is not conducting its business with the same degree of economy as the other, or that, with like relative economy in the conduct of its business, the rates received by it for work performed are relatively smaller. In the use here of the word "economy," it is un- derstood that the measure of economy is net results. To show the significance of this percentage to the investor, consult for example, the records of the Chicago Great

34 THE EARNING POWER

Western and the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe. The character of the tonnage of these two roads is very similar. For the year ending June 30, 1916, Operating Expenses other than Maintenance consumed 41.4 per cent, of the Great Western's gross income against 32.0 per cent, for the Atchison. These expenses have required a very large percentage of the Great Western's gross income each year for the last ten years, and their ratio to gross income has shown little tendency to become less. When it is remem- bered that these expenses partake of the nature of a fixed charge upon gross, the full significance is apparent. Let ic be assumed that the annual interest, taxes and rentals had required in 1915-16, 20 per cent, of the gross for both the Great Western and the Atchison. Of the Great West- ern's gross, then 61.4 per cent, would have been consumed by these ''fixed" charges, leaving 38.6 per cent, for main- tenance and dividends. Of the Atchison's gross, but 52.0 per cent, would have been consumed by "fixed" charges and 48.0 per cent, would have been left for maintenance and dividends. It is clear that the margin of safety for dividends would have been far greater for the Atchison than for the Great Western. The actual margin of safety for the Atchison was greater than has been here indicated, because interest, taxes and rentals required about 14.9 per cent, of last year's gross income against 18.2 per cent, for the Great Western.

While the larger percentage of gross required for these groups of Operating Expenses in the case of one road re- flects what has been called "relatively less economy" in operation, yet this by no means implies a relative lack of efficiency in the management. A railroad might be operated with the highest degree of efficiency, yet the aver-

OF RAILROADS 35

age rates received, and consequently the gross earnings, might be so small as to make these expenses bear a very high ratio to the gross.

When rates, trainloads, etc., tend to constancy, the ratio of Transportation Expenses varies inversely with Operat- ing Revenues.

It is shown in what follows that the margin for main- tenance and dividends may be greater on the road with large Operating Revenues per mile, where the Operating Expenses other than Maintenance require, say 42 per cent, of the gross, than on the road with small Operating Rev- enues per mile, where those expenses require but 35 per cent, of the gross. For the first road 20 per cent, of the gross might be ample for maintenance, while 35 per cent, of its gross might be an insufficient allowance for the second road. The fact remains after all, that, other things being equal, where these expenses are relatively larger, the margin of safety is relatively less.

36 THE EARNING POWER

CHAPTER VII

THE OPERATING RATIO

What has gone before leads naturally to the discussion of the Operating Ratio in its bearing upon this question of earning power. It is with great difficulty that many inves- tors are dissuaded from the belief that the Operating Ratio counts for all. Where a road is reported as operating at 50 per cent, it is not uncommon to hear it said that "it can- not be done." Another road reports operating at 75 per cent., and it is said that because of this high Operating Ratio there is manifestly "abundant opportunity for cur- tailment in expenses." It may be stated at once that the Operating Ratio, or the ratio which operating expenses bear to gross earnings, has of itself no significance what- soever. A few examples will tend to establish this fact.

The gross earnings (operating revenues) and operating expenses of roads "A," "B," "C," "D," and "E," may be taken as given in the table on page Z7. For the sake of argument, it is assumed that it requires for normal main- tenance of road and equipment no more "per mile of road" for one of these roads than for another.

OF RAILROADS

^7

ad

o o o o o o

fe5

^

^3

o o o o o o

<z> XT) m

^

fe?

O cs o ^"

^

O <N

^

8 g §

c >

|i

^ii >.

Sort

:.l§o

w :^

«c3

S :2

' a-

^' y fc ?2 s"

38 THE EARNING POWER ' * .

It is clear that road "A," operating at 55 per cent., makes more liberal outlay for maintenance than roads "B," "C," and "D," which operate at 60 per cent., 65 per cent., and 75 per cent., respectively. Consequently road "A" has greater room for curtailment in its maintenance. Road "A" includes in its operating expenses sums in excess of normal requirements for maintenance, road "B" spends enough for maintenance, while the expenses of "C" and "D" fall considerably below the average requirements. The $1,500,000 or 15 per cent, of its gross, expended by road ''D" for Maintenance of Way on its 5,000-mile road is by far a relatively smaller outlay than that of road "A," where $1,250,000, or but 12^ per cent, of its gross is so expended on 1,000 miles of road. Now, take road "E." It is seen that while Traffic and other Operating Expenses require the same percentage of Operating Revenues, "E," operating at 50 per cent., spends for maintenance 140 per cent, more than "A," which is operated at 55 per cent. The table ex- plains itself. It is unnecessary to give more examples (many more might be given) to show that the Operating Ratio of itself is of no significance. Wherever it may have significance it will be found to be wholly the result of ac- cident.

Were it not for the diverse conditions which affect peculiarly the question of maintenance in each individual road, it might be possible to arrive at certain definite rules as to the percentage of gross required for mainte- nance in different classes of railroads. One rule would suggest itself : that for average maintenance requirements for Southern and Western roads the Operating Revenues of which amount to, say, $8,000 per mile, an annual appro- priation of from 25 per cent, to 28 per cent, of the gross,

OF RAILROADS 39

would, under present conditions, be ample. Another rule might be found to apply to such roads as the Central of New Jersey, the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western, etc., to the effect that, where gross earnings exceed $30,000 per mile, an appropriation of from 17 per cent, to 20 per cent, of gross would be more than sufficient for average main- tenance requirements. The mere statement of any "rule" must of necessity be clothed with so many exceptions and modifications as to make one lose sight of the rule itself.

40 THE EARNING POWER

CHAPTER VIII

FIXED CHARGES

Under Fixed Charges fall interest on the funded and floating debt, rentals of leased lines, embracing guaranteed dividends, etc., taxes and, in some cases, sinking-fund pay- ments. (The Interstate Commerce Commission has di- rected that, beginning July 1, 1907, taxes are to be deducted from operating income and not included either in Fixed Charges or in Operating Expenses. In this book taxes are included in Fixed Charges.) The investor should examine the annual report carefully to ascertain whether or not the full interest on all the bonds outstanding at the close of the fiscal period has been charged in the Income Account for the period under review. Another important sugges- tion which may be made here is that the investor look to ascertain what opportunity there may be attaching to this or that road for future saving in interest charges through refunding. The Chicago, Burlington and Quincy, the Chicago and Northwestern and the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul may likely, through the refunding in the next ten years of high rate interest bearing bonds, save a con- siderable amount in interest charges.

Very few roads are required to-day to set aside each year from earnings specific amounts for sinking fund pur- poses. The Chicago, Burlington and Quincy's annual ap- propriation for sinking funds are to-day relatively larger than that of any other railroad in this country, excepting where annual payments are made in the retirement of short time serial bonds. For the year ending June 30, 1916, the sinking fund payments of the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy, amounted to $1,753,007. As such appropriations

OF RAILROADS 41

are in their nature extraordinary, and are used for the retirement of obligations of the company, they must be given due weight in the comparison of the respective earning power of different roads.

As there is of itself little significance in the comparison of the average trainloads or average train miles, and as there is of itself no significance in the comparison of the Operating Ratio of different roads, so, from the investor's standpoint, there is necessarily no significance to be at- tached to the fact that one road has a bonded debt of $30,- 000 per mile, while the bonds outstanding on another road amount to but $15,000 per mile. Likewise, the fact alone that the fixed charges of one road amount to $2,000 per mile of road against $1,000 per mile on another shows by no means that the bonds of the latter are more secure. (Compare Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac, page 141, and the ^Midland Valley Ry., page 171.) The essential consideration here, as in the case of those quasi-fixed charges, the Operating Expenses other than Maintenance, is the ratio which these charges bear to Operating Rev- enues and the ability of the road to pay these charges. It stands to reason that the New York Central with $29,900 per mile gross earnings, could more easily provide for the interest on bonds aggregating $60,000 per mile than could the "Atchison," with $11,900 per mile gross, provide for interest on a bonded debt of $30,000 per mile.

It demands no proof to show that fixed charges of $600 per mile on one road might be a heavier burden on earn- ings than fixed charges of $1,000 per mile on another, al- though in each case the percentage of gross required for these charges is but 20 per cent. Take as Operating Rev- enues for the first road $3,000 per mile, and for the second

42 THE EARNING POWER

$5,000 per mile. Let Operating Expenses other than Main- tenance require 35 per cent, of the gross for each road. Here is 55 per cent, of gross consumed by "fixed" charges in each case. The one road has 45 per cent, of $3,000 per mile, or $1,350 per mile for maintenance and surplus; the other has 45 per cent, of $5,000 per mile, or $2,250 per mile remaining for maintenance and surplus.

As a rule, where, on a basis of earnings such as these have averaged in recent years, the fixed charges of any given road have required less than, say, 22 per cent, of gross income, and where the surplus after the payment of all operating expenses (including liberal outlays for main- tenance), have amounted to not less than, say, 17 per cent., of the gross income, the interest on the road's bonds may be considered very secure. It should be noted that this is not the same situation as would be presented were it stated for example, that the interest is secure where the fixed charges require say 50 per cent., or less of the net income, for the reason that operating expenses (including proper outlay for maintenance) might in one case require 90 per cent, of the gross income against 60 per cent, in another case. The fixed charges in the first case might require but 50 per cent, of the net, or 5 per cent, of the gross income; in the second case they might require, likewise, 50 per cent, of the net, or 20 per cent, of the gross income. Should the gross income show a proportional decrease of, say 15 per cent, for each road, other things being equal, one road would show a deficit after fixed charges, while the other road would show a surplus. (Compare Missouri, Kansas & Texas Ry., page 172, and Lehigh Valley R. R., page 77.)

OF RAILROADS 43

The percentage of fixed charges varies in an inverse ratio with gross earnings.

Observe the following tables wherein are given the in- come accounts of roads "A" and "B," the figures being stated both in full and reduced to a "per mile" basis.

TABLE I.

A. B.

Miles Operated 1,000 1,000

Operating Revenues $10,000,000 $10,000 $10,000,000 $10,000

Operating Expenses 6,000,000 6,000 6.000.000 6.000

Net Operating Revenues.... 4,000,000 4,000 4,000.000 4,000

Fixed Charges 2,000,000 2,000 3,000,000 3,000

Ratio of Fixed Charges to

Gross 20% 30%

Surplus 2,000,000 2,000 1,000.000 1,000

OPERATING EXPENSES.

Maintenance of Way $1,250,000 $1,250 $1,250,000 $1,250

Maintenance of Equipment.. 1,250,000 1,250 1,250,000 1,250 Ratio of Main te nance to

Gross 20% 25%

Traffic and Transportation.. 3,000,000 3,000 3,000,000 3,000 Miscellaneous Operations and

General Expenses 500,000 500 500,000 500

Ratio of Traffic and Other

Operating Expenses to

Gross 35% 35%

In the above comparison of the income accounts of roads "A" and "B" the operating expenses are in every respect alike. The fixed charges of road "A" require 20 per cent. of the gross and of road ''B" 30 per cent, of the gross. The surplus of "A" amounts to $2,000,000 and that of "B" to $1,000,000.

Assume that operating revenues decrease 25 per cent., and that roads "A" and '*B" are operated as before at 60

44 THE EARNING POWER

per cent. The income accounts would appear somewhat as follows :

TABLE 11.

A. B.

Miles Operated 1,000 1,000

Operating Revenues $7,500,000 $7,500 $7,500,000 $7,500

Operating Expenses 4,500,000 4,500 4,500,000 4,500

Net Operating Revenues 3,000,000 3,000 3,000,000 3,000

Fixed Charges 2,000,000 2,000 3,000.000 3,000

Ratio of Fixed Charges to Gross. 26.6% 40%

Surplus 1,000,000 1,000 0,000,000 0,000

OPERATING EXPENSES.

Maintenance of Way $950,000 $950 $950,000 $950

Maintenance of Equipment 700,000 700 700,000 700

Ratio of Maintenance to Gross.. 22% 22%

Traffic and Transportation 2,350,000 2,350 2,350,000 2,350

Miscellaneous Operations and

General Expenses 500,000 500 500,000 500

Ratio of Traffic and Other

Operating Expenses to Gross. . 38% 38%

Here Maintenance Expenses are curtailed; Traffic and Transportation Expenses, while requiring a greater per- centage of gross, are smaller, due to less business handled; and Miscellaneous Operations and General Expenses re- main the same. The fixed charges remain the same and they require 26.6 per cent, of road "A's" gross and 40 per cent, of road "B's" gross. The percentage of gross re- quired for *'B's" fixed charges is 10 per cent, greater than in the example given first above, while the percentage re- quired for "A's" fixed charges is about 6.6 per cent, greater than it was before the earnings decreased. Road ''A" shows $1,000,000 surplus, while *'B's" surplus is entirely wiped out.

OF RAILROADS 45

CHAPTER IX

STOCK OUTSTANDING IN ITS RELATION TO EARNING POWER

What has gone before shows that a railroad's earning power cannot be measured by the surplus alone. Analysis of the Maintenance Expenses indicates the integrity of the net earnings, and consequently the integrity of the surplus. Where maintenance is found to be insufficient, the investor knows that earnings must be drawn upon to a greater ex- tent, and that if the gross is not large enough to allow of a greater appropriation, future increases in earnings must be used so far as they may be to bring the maintenance outlay up to fair requirements. W^here maintenance is found to be ample or to exceed normal requirements, the investor knows that a future increase in earnings may rightly be re- flected in a larger surplus.

A comparison of the results of Railroad number one and of railroad number two is instructive as illustrating this point. The maintenance expenses of the former road for years prior to say 1915-16 were far below normal re- quirements, while the St. Louis Southwestern for years charged its expenses very fairly. Owing to its large an- nual hxed charges Railroad number one found it impos- sible to appropriate a greater percentage of its gross for maintenance. For the year 1915-16 both of the lines showed large increases in earnings. The greater part of the in- crease of Railroad number one was diverted to the main- tenance accounts, while the increase in the earnings of Rail- road number two was for the most part represented in the net earnings. Many railroads can safely cause a reduction in their maintenance expenses and thus add largely to their

46 THE EARNING POWER

surplus; for example, the maintenance expenses, for 1915, of the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western, and for 1912, 1913 and 1915 of the Pittsburgh and Lake Erie were far alx)ve the necessary requirements.

It has been demonstrated also in the foregoing chapters that where the Operating Expenses other than Maintenances or where Fixed Charges are a relatively heavy burden on gross earnings, the margin of safety represented in the surplus is relatively small. For exactly those reasons that make greater or less the margin of safety represented in a road's surplus, it follows that the margin of safety for divi- dends for one road which earns 10 per cent, on its capital stock is necessarily by no means so great as that for another road which also earns 10 per cent, on its stock.

The capital stock of road "A," the Income Account of which was given on page 43 (Table I.), is, let us say, $20,- 000,000 and that of "B," $10,000,000. While each road earned 10 per cent, on its stock, yet it is shown in Table II., page 44, that with like decreases in gross earnings, "A" earned 5 per cent, on its stock and "B" earned noth- ing at all. So the amount earned on the stock of one road might equal 15 per cent., and yet the margin of safety might not be so great as in the case of another road where but 10 per cent, was earned.

An earning power of 10 per cent, on Mobile and Ohio stock, or on Missouri, Kansas and Texas preferred, means far less as to the margin of safety for dividends than does an earning power of 10 per cent, on Illinois Central stock, Chicago, Burlington and Quincy stock or Louisville and Nashville stock.

OF RAILROADS 47

In any comparison of the earning power of two roads, it is important to note, in connection with other essential facts, what percentage of the operating revenues is re- quired to pay one per cent, on the stock of each.

The capital stock of the New York, Ontario and West- ern, which operates about 568 miles of road, is about as large as that of the Chesapeake and Ohio, which operates 2,375 miles of road. The gross earnings of these roads were approximately, $15,700 and $16,600 per mile, respec- tively, for the year ending June 30, 1916. Inasmuch as the total gross earnings of the New York, Ontario and West- ern for that year was not over 16 per cent, on its capital stock, it must be a long time before the earning power of the road will warrant a high price for the stock.

That the rate of dividends paid on a road's stock does not determine the value of that stock is evidenced as well by the market value of such stocks as Central R. R. of New Jersey and "Lackawanna" as by the comparatively recent market value of such a stock as Seaboard Air Line pre- ferred stock. The value of a stock is usually determined by the earning power or the ability of the road to pay divi- dends. This earning power is determined not only by the margin of safety represented in the surplus, but also by the stability or lack of stability of the operating revenues. The character of the tonnage and the natural resources and de- velopment of the territory traversed are to be considered in their bearing upon the stability of the road's traffic.

Certainly the earnings for any one year cannot be taken as demonstrating a road's ability to pay its interest or to pay dividends. The investor must consider the course of earn- ings for a series of years as well as the prospects for the future. He must recall, when comparing the earning ca-

48 THE EARNING POWER

pacity of Illinois Central with that of Chesapeake and Ohio, that while each of these roads may be earning 10 per cent, on its present outstanding capital stock, the capital stock of Illinois Central includes about $50,000,000 stock sold during recent years at par, the proceeds from the sale of which were used for improvements. No part of the present outstanding stock of the Chesapeake and Ohio rep- resents stock sold by the company for cash. Nearly two- thirds of the outstanding capital stock of the Pennsylvania Railroad has been sold for cash during the past fifteen years at considerably above its par value, and over two- thirds of the outstanding common stock of the Baltimore and Ohio has been sold at par. The Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul, Great Northern, Canadian Pacific, Chicago and Northwestern, Northern Pacific, Southern Pacific, and many other companies have secured large sums for im- provements, etc., by the sale of capital stock.

Finally, it must be said (as has been suggested in what has gone before) that absolute knowledge concerning the value of railroad securities can be gained only by a careful and personal examination of the physical condition of each property, as well as of the traffic relations and advantages and the conditions attaching to the same. In this way knowledge can be gained as to the opportunities presented in each case, both for the better handling of business al- ready secured and for the securing of new business.

OF RAILROADS 49

CHAPTER X

GUARANTEES AND THEIR RELATION TO SURPLUS AVAILABLE FOR DIVIDENDS

The many consolidations and leases made by railroads in the last few years emphasize yet another consideration, already referred to, which has an important bearing upon the margin of safety represented by the surplus earnings. On the following page are given the income accounts of six railroads (Roads "A," "B," "C," "D," "E," "F"). These income accounts are shown for three distinct periods rep- resenting three different conditions of affairs which will here be explained. Each of the roads has a capital stock of $200,000, and each earned, as shown in the income account (Schedule L), 10 per cent, on its capital. Road "A," being desirous of extending its sphere of influence or of pro- tecting its existing traffic, arranges for the lease of the other five roads, the rental being in each case 9 per cent, on the capital stock.

The income accounts (Schedule IL) show the result of these leases to the parent road "A" in a prosperous year, when gross earnings were as large as are shown in the in- come accounts first given (Schedule L) When road "A" was operated alone 10 per cent, was earned on its capital stock. Its equity in the surplus earnings of the leased lines in the year following the making of the leases was such as to show 5 per cent, additional earned on its original issue of $200,000 of stock.

50

THE EARNING POWER

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OF RAILROADS 51

Income accounts (Schedule III.) show operating rev- enues of roads reduced. The charges against revenues re- main the same. Road "A" earned, of itself, $15,000 or 7^ per cent, on its stock, but owing to the guarantee of divi- dends on the other five roads, the deficit of each of these roads amounted to $3,000. Inasmuch as these losses fall upon road "A" and are suffered by that road's capital stock, it appears that as against 15 per cent, earned upon road ''A's" stock in the previous year nothing is earned in the year of smaller earnings.

Had road "A" not assumed obligations to the stock- holders of the other roads its surplus earnings in the pros- perous year would have equalled but 10 per cent, on its stock against 15 per cent. On the other hand, in the year of smaller earnings the road would have earned 7^^ per cent, on its stock instead of earning nothing at all.

There will be found in the perusal of the income accounts given in this book several examples showing results very similar to those illustrated above.

52 THE EARNING POWER

CHAPTER XI .

TABLES

Following there are given tables showing, so far as it is possible, for one hundred and fifty-eight railroads in the United States. Canada, Cuba, Central and South American countries.

1. The Average Mileage Operated, the Gross Earnings (Operating Revenues) and the Surplus for a series of years. Where the road has been reorganized, the figures given are, excepting where stated to the contrary, those of the reorganized property.

Wherever an appropriation of an extraordinary nature (for equipment, betterments or additions) has been de- ducted from the net revenues as reported by any road, such an appropriation is considered as having been deducted from the surplus earnings. All interest paid on Income Bonds and all dividends paid on stock are also considered as having been appropriated from the surplus earnings.

2. The total Capital Stock and Bonds outstanding and the Stock and Bonds "per mile of road operated."

The Capital Stock and Bonds are stated as they are given in the general balance sheets of the different com- panies. It must be stated that many railroads do not in- clude in their balance sheets the bonds and stocks of auxil- iary and leased companies on which interest and dividends are guaranteed. The Delaware, Lackawanna & Western R. R., for example, does not show in its balance sheet the bonds and guaranteed stock of the Morris & Essex R. R. Co. and other leased roads, while in the case of the St. Louis and San Francisco the general balance sheet shows among the liabilities, outstanding securities of auxiliary and leased companies. In the final analysis, however, so

OF RAILROADS 53

far as the stockholder is concerned, the result as to margin for dividends is not changed by this different method of bookkeeping, for whether or not the balance sheet shows these obligations,, the interest and guaranteed dividends must be paid each year before the stockholder may receive dividends. It is because of this lack of uniformity that the fixed charges cannot be reckoned even approximately from the statement of the company's bonds as shown in the bal- ance sheet. The item of "rentals" in the "fixed charges" is often many times greater than the item "interest on company's bonds." Therefore in the statistical pages which follow, the amounts included in the fixed charges as "rentals paid" are stated immediately after the statement of capitalization.

Under Capital Stock are usually included Income Bonds. In the statements of capitalization there is given under Capital Stock the amount outstanding at the close of the last fiscal year for which an official report has been issued.

Under Bonds there is given, in each of the tables, the amounts of bonds outstanding at the close of the last fiscal year for which an official report has been issued. Bonds outstanding include in some cases bonds held alive in Sink- ing Funds and bonds held among Treasury Assets.

The Bonds and Capital Stock are given "per mile of road operated" as it is beHeved that general comparisons can be made more readily on that basis than is possible where the capitalization is reduced to a basis "per mile of road owned."

3. The Income Account for the last fiscal year for which an official report has been issued. Included in Other In- come are all dividends on stocks owned, interest on bonds owned, rentals received, credit balance from hire of freight

54 THE EARNING POWER

cars and rent of equipment, etc., and, in the case of a few railroads, profits of coal companies.

Under Fixed Charges are included interest on funded and floating debt, rentals, taxes, net hire and rental of equipment, etc. The amounts paid for rentals and in- cluded in Fixed Charges are stated.

4. The Operating Expenses are stated, subdivided as fol- lows: (a) Maintenance of Way; (&) Maintenance of Equipment; (c) Traffic Expenses; {d) Transportation Ex- penses; (e) Miscellaneous .Operations, and General Expenses. As in the table showing the earnings and dis- bursements, these expenses are given reduced to a "per mile" basis. The ratio which the operating expenses bear to the operating revenues for the year given is also stated.

5. The proportion of the Gross Income represented in (a) Maintenance Expenses, {h) Traffic and other Operat- ing Expenses, (c) Fixed Charges and {d) Surplus.

6. The "ton miles per mile of road" and the "passenger miles per mile of road." In arriving at these figures an effort has been made to disregard the tons of company's freight carried.

7. The miles of second and additional main tracks and the miles of yards and sidings.

Numerous notes are included in the Table pages; these notes are self-explanatory.

In conclusion it may be said that an earnest effort has been made in the compilation of the following tables to ar- range the same so that trustworthy comparisons may be made respecting the earning power of the different roads.

OF RAILROADS 55

COMMENT

The following pages are devoted, firstly (pp. 57 to 215 inclusive), to the presentation in table form of important statistics, showing the range of earnings of the railroads over a series of years, their capitalization, income accounts, etc., as described in Chapter XI ; and secondly (p. 216 and following), to the Notes wherein are given other important facts concerning the capitalization, the dividends, the ap- propriations for improvements, the securities and lands owned, the character of the rail used, etc.

It is important that reference be made to the Notes in connection with the use of the statistical Tables, for not only do the Notes serve to illustrate and supplement the facts given in the Tables, but also in many instances they contain facts which are essential to the proper understand- ing of the figures given in the Tables. For example, the bonds and stock outstanding of the "New Haven", New York Central R. R. and of the Pennsylvania R. R. include large amounts issued for the purpose of acquiring securities of other railroads, operated separately; the Notes show that the New York Central R. R. owns a large majority of the capital stock of the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis Ry., the :\Iichigan Central R. R.. the Rutland R. R., etc., and that the Pennsylvania R. R. owns all the capi- tal stock of the Pennsylvania Co. and practically all the stock of the Philadelphia, Baltimore & Washington R. R., etc. By reference, therefore, to the Notes, infor- mation is found which, used in connection with the Tables giving the income accounts of these controlled railroads, will show the extent of the equities which the controlling

56 THE EARNING POWER

railroads possess in the undivided surplus earnings of the subsidiary railroads.

The fact that large purchases have been made by many of the railroads of the securities of other railroads is alone sufficient to emphasize the importance which the pro- prietorship of these securities has as a factor in determin- ing the investment value of the stocks and bonds, not only of the controlling railroads, but also of the controlled rail- roads themselves. As the facts regarding the ozvnership of securities as well as other equally important matters are given in the Notes, the Notes should be used concurrently with the statistical Tables.

Note: Owing to the completion of the Panama Canal and to other reasons, the attention of the public is being drawn to the American Couniries other than the United States and Canada, as fields for investment, etc. .For this reason zve have included in this edition the statements of several railroad systems located in Cuba and Central and South America, notably Argentine Republic, in zvhich latter country railroad development has made very rapid progress during recent years.

The tabulations in this book covering the years mentioned in the various tables are almost without exception based on data taken from the original official annual reports of the railroad companies.

OF RAILROADS 57

SUMMARY OF RAILWAY RETURNS.

Year

Avg. Miles Oper.

Gross

Surplus

1914-15

256.214

82,956,193,202

8354,786.729

The Information contained on this page Is taken from the Annual Report of "Statistics of Railways In the United States," published by the Interstate Commerce Commission.

CAPITALIZATION

(Outstanding in Hands of Public)

Total Per Mile

Stock ' 86,125,^70,387 824,959

Bonds (Includes Income Bonds) 10,181,932,193 41,488

Total 16,307,502,580 66,447

Fixed Charges below Include 824,858,781 for Rentals, 821,672,189 for Hire of Freight Cars, Dr.. and 81.874.688 Rent for Cars, 83.401.520 Amortization of Discount.

INCOME ACCOUNT YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1915

Average miles operated, 256,214. Total Per Mile

Operating Revenues 82,956,193,202 811,538

Operating Expenses 2,088,682,956 8,152

Net Operating Revenues 867,510.246 3,386

Other Income (Incl. 888,394,714 Dividend Income) 182,679.085 713

Gross Corporate Income 1,050,189,331 4,099

Fixed Charges (Including for Taxes, 8139,298,167) 695,402,602 . 2.714

♦Surplus (before 8325,900,869 Dividends Paid) 354,786,729 1,385

OPERATING EXPENSES

Total Per Mile

Maintenance of Way 8381.532,488 81,490

Maintenance of Equipment 509.818,744 1.992

Traffic Expenses 60,962,687 239

Transportation Expenses (incl. 88,688,803 Water Lines) 1,034,148,726 4,040

Miscellaneous Operations and General Expenses 102,220,311 391

Ratio of Operating Expenses to Operating Revenues, 70.6 per cent.

*Thls Surplus before deducting 830,683,537 for Additions and Betterments, 813,631,499 Sinking Fund Payments and 814,601,917 Discount Extinguished.

Other Income above includes 88,752,568 from Rentals, 840,979,333 Income from Funded Securities and 830,706,918 Income from Unfunded Securities.

APPROPRIATION OF GROSS INCOME

1914-15

For Maintenance Expenses 28 .4%

For Traffic, Transportation and General Expenses 38 . 1%

For Fixed Charges ! 22.2%

For Surplus 11.3%

100.0% 1914-15

Ton miles per mile of road 1.080.465

Passenger miles per mile of road 126.395

Miles second and additional main track 33.662

Miles, yards and sidings 99.910

58 THE EARNING POWER

BANGOR & AROOSTOOK R. R.

Avg. Miles Year Oper.

Avg. Miles

Gross

Surplus

Year

Oper.

Gross

Surplus

1900-1 370

$1,449,464

?129,608

1908-9

515

$2,818,444

$143,475

1901-2 371

1.708,937

172.973

1909-10

530

2.990.530

351,179

1902-3 401

1,800,168

148.375

1910-11

618

3.172,112

162,636

1903-4 428

2,015,356

196.344

1911-12

631

3,345,241

63.557

1904-5 428

2,159,072

230,999

1912-13

631

3.252,421

*84,307

1905-6 455

2.496,547

299.773

1913-14

631

3,795,413

205.731

1906-7 482

3.221.696

296.291

1914-15

631

3.747.974

226.490

1907-8 501

2,844,082

106,919

1915-16

631

3,775.806

240.609

♦Deficit.

STOCK OUTSTANDING

BONDS OUTSTANDING

Jun€

; 30. 1916.

June

30, 1916.

Common ».

.$3,448,600

Fixed

Interest

.$23,292,000

Equipment 229,000

Notes (5%) due 1918 2.000.000

CAPITALIZATION

Total Per Mile

Stock $3,448,000 $5,464

Bonds 25,521.000 40.445

Total 28.969.000 45,909

Fixed Charges below include $116 for Rentals; $3,989 for Hire of Equipment, and $10,899 Amortization of Discount on Funded Debt.

INCOME ACCOUNT YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1916 Average miles operated, 6.31. Total Per Mile

Operating Revenues $3,775,806 $5,983

Operating Expenses 2,386,008 3,781

Net Operating Revenues 1,389,798 2,202

Other Income (incl. $185,063 Hire of Equipment) .. 259,888 412

Gross Corporate Income 1,649,686 2,614

Fixed Charges (including for Taxes, $155,964) 1,409,077 2,233

Surplus 240,609 381

OPERATING EXPENSES

Total Per Mile

Maintenance of Way $559,130 $886

Maintenance of Equipment 591,043 936

Traffic Expenses 35,593 56

Transportation Expenses *1,023,939 1,623

General Expenses 176.303 280

Ratio of Operating Expenses to Operating Revenues 63.2 per cent.

* After deducting $732.

Other Income above includes $8,241 from Rentals.

APPROPRIATION OF GROSS INCOME

1915-16 1914-15 1913-14 1912-13 1911-12 1910-11 For Maintenance Expenses ...28.5% 27.6% 25.8% 26.2% 25.7% 26.0% For Traffic and Other Operating

Expenses 30.7% 31.7% 35.0% 37.9% 35.8% 33.8%

For Fixed Charges 34.9% 35.0% 34.0% 38.4% 36.7% 35.4%

For Surplus 5.9% 5.7% 5.2% Deficit 1.8% 4.8%

100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

1915-16 1914-15 1913-14 1912-13

Ton miles per mile of road 378.363 376,175 383,055 339,306

Passenger miles per mile of road 40,740 41,338 44,752 43,049 Miles, second and additional main

track 30 30 24 30

Miles, yards and sidings 208 206 200 199

See Notes, page 216.

OF RAILROADS 59

BOSTON &

MAINE R. R.

Avg. Miles Oper.

V

A\

'g. Miles

Year

Gross

Surplus

Year

Oper.

Gross

Surplus

1902-3

2,280

$33,537,491

$1,793,908

1909-10

*2.243

$43,357,175

$2,850,622

1903-4

2,285

34,705,230

1,849,456

1910-11

*2,243

44,815,084

355,988

1904-5

2,888

36,017,074

1,883.572

1911-12

*2.244

45.990,364

1,290,248

1905-6

2,287

38,962,437

2,051,920

1912-13

*2,252

48,513,507

49,697

1906-7

2,288

40,879,653

2.. ^99.196

1913-14

*2,252

47,413,906

t2.044,742

1907-8

*2.S42

38,990.749

751,496

1914-15

*2.252

46,673,049

t334,462

1908-9

*2.243

39.528.698

2,. 387. 603

1915-16

*2,252

52,075,428

4,065,691

♦Does not include Electric Lines (50 miles). fDeflcit.

STOCK OUTSTANDING BONDS OUTSTANDING

June 30, 1916. June 30, 1916.

Common $39,505,391 Fixed Interest $42,589,000

Preferred (6%) 3,149,800 *Notes 13,306,000

Stock per mile of road

operated $18,949

*As compared with $17,336,000 Notes outstanding June 30, 1915 and $27,000,000 outstanding June 30, 1913. See Notes as to offer to extend these Notes or to extend a portion of the Notes and exchange the bal- ance of the same for Maine Railway Notes secured by and convertible into Maine Central R. R. Stock.

Fixed Charges below include $5,626,029 for Rentals of Leased Lines, $167,284 for Other Rentals, $2,074,248 for Hire of Freight Cars, and $318,559 Rent of Other Equipment and $82,004 Sinking Fund Payments. INCOME ACCOUNT YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1916

Average miles operated, 2,252. Total Per Mile

Operating Revenues $52,075,428 $23,124

Operating Expenses 36,197,958 16,073

Net Operating Revenues 15,877,470 7,051

Other Income 1,170,715 519

Gross Corporate Income 17,048,185 7,570

Fixed Charges (including for Taxes, $1,986,267) 12,982,494 5,764

Surplus 4,065,691 1,806

OPERATING EXPENSES Total Per Mile

Maintenance of Way $5,986,603 $2,658

Maintenance of Equipment 6,588,043 2,925

Traffic Expenses 421,797 187

Transportation Expenses (incl. $14,531 Water Lines) .. 21,757,066 9,662

General Expenses 1,444,443 641

Ratio of Operating Expenses to Operating Revenues 69.5 per cent. Other Income above includes $338,675 from Rentals, and $53,219 from Sinking Fund.

APPROPRIATION OF GROSS INCOME

1915-16 1914-15 1913-14 1912-13 1911-12 1910-11 For Maintenance Expenses ..23.7% 29.0% 29.0% 26.3% 26.1% 26.9% For Traffic and Other Operat- ing Expenses 44.4% 46.0%

For Fixed Charges 24.3% 25.7%

For Surplus 7.6% Deficit

100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

59.0%

49.8%

48.6%

49.9%

26.2%

23.8%

22.6%

22.4%

Deficit

0.1%

2.7%

0.8%

1915-16 1914-15 1913-14 1912-13

Ton miles per mile of road 1,315,097 1.073,028 1,171,327 1,208,347

Passenger miles per mile of road .... 354,660 377,436 338,031 401,447 Miles, second and additional main

track 601 601 601 601

Miles, yards and sidings 1,361 1,354 1,353 1,343

See Notes, page 217.

60 THE EARNING POWER

CENTRAL VERMONT RY.

A

vg. Miles Oper.

A\

g. Miles

Year

Gross

Surplus

Year

Oper.

Gross

Surplus

1904-5

531

$3,557,776

$3,669

1910-11

536

$4,337,644

$90,251

1905-6

536

3,836.976

4,516

1911-12

536

4,435.832

12,953

1906-7

536

3,833,088

1,813

1912-13

536

4.577,590

*9,796

1907-8

536

3,740,760

3.553

1913-14

536

4.500.111

t259.258

1908-9

536

3,795,332

3,117

1914-15

536

4.210,411

15,418

1909-10

536

4,088,411

34,774

1915-16

536

4,612.358

175.208

♦Deficit. tDeficit: this

amount,

$259,258, was advanced to

the com-

pany by the Grand Trunk Railway as per Guarantee.

STOCK OUTSTANDING BONDS OUTSTANDING

June 30, 1916. June 30, 1916.

Common $3,000,000 *Fixed Interest $11,785,000

Equipment 635,000

Other 243,840

*Does not include $250,000 bonds in Treasury. Loans and Bills Pay- able, June 30, 1916, $7,758,085.

CAPITALIZATION Total Per Mile

Stock $3,000,000 $5,597

Bonds 12,663,840 23.626

Total 15.663.840 29,223

Fixed Charges below include $22,840 for Rentals (net), and $85,710 for Hire of Equipment— debit balance. Net figures are given in the calculation of Fixed Charges and the report is not clear as regards certain important items. Interest on Unfunded Debt is stated as amounting to $373,931. which sum is offset by Income reported as $345,696 from "Unfunded Securities and Accounts."

INCOME ACCOUNT YEAR ENDING JUNE 30. 1916 Average miles operated, 536. Total Per Mile

Operating Revenues $4,612,358 $8,605

Operating Expenses 3.444,719 6.427

Net Operating Revenues 1.167,639 2,178

Other Income 43,720 81

Gross Corporate Income 1,211.359 2,259

F'ixed Charges (including for Taxes, $192,994) 1,036,151 1,933

Surplus 175,208 326

OPERATING EXPENSES Total Per Mile

Maintenance of Way $540,108 $1,008

Maintenance of Equipment 645,230 1.204

Traffic Expenses- 108,400 202

Transportation Expenses 2,021,065 3,770

General Expenses 129,916 243

Ratio of Operating Expenses to Operating Revenues 74.3 per cent. APPROPRIATION OF GROSS INCOME

1915-16 1914-15 1913-14 1912-13 191J-12 1910-11 For Maintenance Expenses ..25.4% 27.9% 32.8% 27.9% 25.4% 26.2% For Traffic and Other Operat- ing Expenses 48.5% 49.1% 5L1% 50.9% 50.7% 48.0%

For Fixed Charges 22.2% 22.6% 2L6% 21.4% 23.6% 23.7%

For Surplus 3.9% 0.4% Deficit Deficit 0.3% 2.1%

100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

1915-16 1914-15 1913-14 1912-13

Ton miles per mile of road 605,464 545,901 617,801 594,699

Passenger miles per mile of road .... 76,486 78,612 93.015 101,743 Miles, second and additional main

track 6 6 6 6

Miles, yards and sidings 168 167 166 165

See Notes, page 221.

OF RAILROADS 61

MAINE CENTRAL R. R.

Avg. Miles Avg. Miles

Year Oper. Gross Year Oper. Gross

1903-4 816 $6,773,560, 1910-11 932 $9,067,803

1904-5 816 7,099,219 1911-12 *1,192 *10,643,051

1905-6 816 7,655,655 1912-13 *1,205 *11,331,406

1906-7 845 8,200,630 1913-14 *1,207 *11,685,969

1907-8 931 8,514,256 1914-15 *1.216 *11,350.423

1908-9 932 8,337,723 1915-16 *1,220 12,001,673

1909-10 932 8 922 312

♦Includes Portland & Rumf'ord Falls Ry., leased May, 1907; also Somerset Ry. and Washing-ton County R. R. merged July 1, 1911. STOCK OUTSTANDING BONDS OUTSTANDING

June 30, 1916. June 30, 1916.

*Common $14,907,617 fFixed Interest $19,961,500

Preferred (5%) 3,000,000 iMaine Rys. Notes 2,492,000

Per mile of Road Operated, $14,678.

*As compared with $24,888,767 Com.mon Stock Outstanding June 30, 1915. In place of $10,000,000 cancelled Common Stock $3,000,000 5% Pre- ferred Stock and $7,000,000 First and Refunding 5% Bonds were issued.

tincludes $13,000,000 First and Refunding Bonds (Series "A" and "B") issued to retire stock (see above) and $6,000,000 d% Notes due 1919.

JAssumed, called for payment October, 1916.

Fixed Charg-es below include $909,491 for Rentals of Leased Roads, $91,097 for Other Rentals, $119,354 for Hire of Equipment and $297,878 improvements to Leased Roads.

INCOME ACCOUNT YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1916 Average miles operated, 1,220 Total Per Mile

Operating Revenues $12,001,673 $9,837

Operating Expenses 8,192,578 6,715

Net Operating Revenues 3,809,095 3,122

Other Income 621,332 509

Gross Corporate Income 4,430,427 3,631

Fixed Charges (including for Taxes, $636,423) 2,829,951 2,319

*Surpius 1,600,476 1,312

OPERATING EXPENSES Total Per Mile

Maintenance of Way $1,644,715 $1,348

Maintenance of Equipment 1,691,646 1,387

Traffic Expenses 137,860 113

Transportation Expenses (incl. $56,401 Water Lines) . t4,327,411 3,547

Miscellaneous Operations and General Expenses 390,946 320

Ratio of Operating Expenses to Operating Revenues 68.3 per cent.

*This Surplus before deducting $198,628 for Additions and Betterments and $42,867 Sinking Fund Payments.

tAfter deducting $1,531 Transportation for Investment-Cr. APPROPRIATION OF GROSS INCOME

1915-16 1914-15 1913-14 1912-13 1911-12 1910-11 F'or Maintenance Expenses ..26.4% 27.8% 28.7% 29.6% 30.7% 29.0% For Traffic and Other Operat- ing Expenses 38.5% 39.2% 41.47o 41.4% 40.5% 40.1%

For Fixed Charges 22.4% 19.7% . 18.8% 19.4% 23.9% 26.4%

For Surplus 12.77o 13.3% 11.1% 9.6% 4.9% 4.5%

100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.07o 100.0% 100.0%

1915-16 1914-15 1913-14 1912-13

Ton miles per mile of road 598,905 538,022 587,319 544,690

Passenger rtiles per mile of road .... 118,374 114,229 133,431 139,950 Miles, second and additional main

track 78 78 76 76

Miles, yards and sidings 376 378 372 364

See Notes, page 222.

Ave. Miles

Year

Oper.

1906-7

2,060

1907-8

2.047

1908-9

2.044

1909-10

2,042

1910-11

2,041

Avg. Miles

Surplus

Year Oper.

Gross

Surplus

$8,893,042

1911-12 2,091

$64,933,065

$13,385,551

5,266,569

1912-13 2,092

68.613.503

8,922,238

7,430.229

1913-14 2.046

66.617,693

268.663

10.796,874

1914-15 2.003

65,379,264

2,307,971

11.187.312

1915-16 *2.005

76,311,653

4,315,757

62 THE EARNING POWER

NEW YORK, NEW HAVEN & HARTFORD R. R.

Gross $55,601,936 53,050,147 54,347,631 60,693,668 62.153,435 ♦Does not include Street Railways.

STOCK OUTSTANDING *BONDS OUTSTANDING

June 30, 1916. June 30, 1916.

Common $157,117,900 Debentures $155,546,919

Per mile of Road Operated. $78,363 Mortgage Bonds 58,611,000

tNotes, etc 25.007.000

Other 848,393

♦Includes bonds and debentures of Merged Roads Assumed among which are bonds of public service companies; but does not include $2,240,350 Bonds in Treasury and Sinking Fund and does not include Funded Debt of Subsidiary Companies (New England Navigation Co., Central New England Ry., etc.). fDoes not include .$20,000,000 6% Notes of the New England Navigation Co., due May 1, 1917.

Fixed Charges below include $6,156,401 for Rentals of Leased Lines, $3,137,857 for Other Rents. $2,700,888 for Hire of Freight Cars (net) and Rent of Other Equipment and $981,595 Loss Separately Operated Prop- erties (N. Y., Westchester & Boston Ry. : Boston R. R. Holding Co., etc.).

INCOME ACCOUNT YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1916 Average miles operated, 2,005. Total Per Mile

Operating Revenues $76,311,653 $38,060

Operating Expenses 51,078,358 25.475

Net Operating Revenues 25,233,295 12,585

Other Income (incl. $2,301,854 from Rentals) 6,469,832 3,227

Gross Corporate Income 31,703,127 15,812

Fixed Charges (including for Taxes. $2,856,255) 27,387,370 13,660

♦Surplus 4,315.757 2,152

OPERATING EXPENSES Total Per Mile

Maintenance of Way $8,779,166 $4,379

Maintenance of Equipment 10.859.656 5,416

Traffic Expenses 470,278 234

Transportation Expenses 28,367,046 14,148

Miscellaneous Operations, General Expenses 2.602,212 1,298

Ratio of Operating Expenses to Operating Revenues 66.9 per cent. Other Income above includes $3,863,708 Income from Stocks, Bonds and Unfunded Securities.

APPROPRIATION OF GROSS INCOME

1915-16 1914-15 1913-14 1912-13 1911-12 1910-11 For Maintenance Expenses ..23.7% 24.6% 26.07o 22.0% 19.4% 19.5% For Traffic and Other Operat- ing Expenses 38.0% 37.4% 39.6% 37.5% 35.5% 36.7%

For Fixed Charges 33.1% 34.8% 34.0% 29.2% 27.6% 28.4%

' ' ' ' ' ' ' A%

For Surplus 5.2% 3.2% 0.4% 11.3% 17.5% 15.4

100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

1915-16 1914-15 1913-14 1912-13

Ton miles per mile of road 1,241,029 1,090,918 1.151,832 1,249.961

Passenger miles per mile of road.... 797.246 737,828 802,908 781,277 Miles, second and additional main

track 1.110 1,113 1,118 1,182

Miles, yards and sidings 1,485 1,418 1,478 1,493

See Notes, page 224.

OF RAILROADS

63

RUTLAND R.

R.

Avg. Miles

Avg. Miles

Year Oper.

Gross

Surplus

Year

Oper.

Gross

Surplus

1901-2 416

$2,134,382

$263,414

1909

*468

$3,102,432

$204,005

1902-3 415

2,376,563

97,707

1910

*468

3,339.834,

313,012

1903-4 415

2,414,452

114,602

1911

*468

3,416.713

299,614

1905 *468

2,562,088

190,847

1912

*468

3,612.521

290.946

1906 *468

2,799,210

179.625

1913

*468

3.752,774

270,407

1907 *468

3.058.087

186.492

1914

*468

3.526.095

204.008

1908 *468

2,755,204

92,486

1915

*468

3,549,591

495,444

♦Includes 53

miles operated under trackage right for passenger

traffic only.

*STOCK OUTSTANDING

Dec. 31, 1915.

Common $199,400

Preferred (7%) 9,057,600

♦Includes $500 Common Stock and $103,200 Preferred ury. tincludes $528,700 bonds in Treasurv.

Loans and Bills Payable, December 31, 1915, $378,000.

tBONDS OUTSTANDING Dec. 31, 1915.

Fixed Interest $10,744,000

Equipmjsnt 783,000

Stock in Treas-

CAPITALIZATION

Total Per Mile

Stock $9,257,000 $19,780

Bonds > 11,527,000 32,198

Total 20,784,000 51,978

F'ixed Charges below include $30,540 for Rentals,

INCOME ACCOUNT YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 1915

Average miles operated, 468. Total Per Mile

Operating Revenues $3,549,591 $9,915

Operating Expenses 2,472,112 6,905

Net Operating Revenues 1,077,479 3,010

Other Income (incl. $68,781 Hire of Equipment) 182,614 510

Gross Corporate Income -. 1,260,093 3,520

Fixed Charges (including for Taxes, $203,156) 764,649 2,136

*Surplus 495,444 1,384

OPERATING EXPENSES

Total Per Mile

Maintenance of Way $434,210 $1,213

Maintenance of Equipment 566,037 1,581

Traffic Expenses 108.174 302

Transportation Expenses 1,280,989 3,578

General Expenses 82,702 231

Ratio of Operating Expenses to Operating Revenues 69.6 per cent.

*This Surplus before deducting $39,274 for Additions and Betterments.

Other Income above includes $31,635 from Rentals.

APPROPRIATION OF GROSS INCOME

1915 For Maintenance Expenses ..26.8% For Traffic and Other Oper- ating Expenses 39.4%

For Fixed Charges 20.5%

For Surplus 13.3%

1914

45.1%

20.6%

5.5%

1913 31.1%

42.6% 19.4%

1912 30.1%

43.3%

18.8%

7.8%

1911 26.3%

43.8%

21.4%

8.5%

1910 28.0%

41.4%

21.4%

9.2%

100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

100.0% 100.0% 100. 1913

1915 1914 1913 1912

Ton miles per mile of road *582,775 *618,491 *608,468 *629,094

Passenger miles per mile of road ... tl04,008 tn4830 1121,516 tll4,375

Miles, yards and sidings 125 120 119 117

tBased on total of 468 miles operated for passenger service.

*Based on total of 415 miles operated for freight service.

See Notes, page 233.

64 . THE EARNING POWER

ST. JOHNSBURY & LAKE CHAMPLAIN R. R.

A

vg. Miles Oper.

Av

g. Miles

Year

Gross

Deficit

Year

Oper.

Gross

Deficit

1905-6

131

$322,673

$32,957

1^11-12

*98

$361,. 338

$49,360

1906-7

131

367,996

44,067

1912-13

98

385,450

55,165

1907-8

131

349,760

75,386

1913-14

98

386.464

88,394

l''<08-9

12.5

333.581

66.812

1914-15

98

316.036

127.129

1909-10

125

361,613

58.641

1[45-16

1)8

351,810

81,.571

1910-11

125

.385,237

38,238

*A portion of the line was leased in January, 1912, to the Maine Central R. R. This explains decrease in mileage operated.

STOCK OUTSTANDING BONDS OUTSTANDING

June 30, 1916. June .30, 1916.

Common $2,452,449 Fixed Interest $2,500,000

Preferred (6%) 1,154.400 *Other 940,435

♦Non-Negotiable Debt to Affiliated Companies. Loans Payable, June 30, 1916, $30,101.

CAPITALIZATION

Total Per Mile

Stock $3,606,849 $36,805

Bonds 3.440.435 35,106

Total 7,047,284 71,911

Fixed Charges below include $34,219 for Hire of Equipment and Other Rentals but do not include $58,600 interest on Bonds owned by the Boston & Maine R. R. and Boston & Lowell R. R.

INCOME ACCOUNT YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1916 , Average miles operated. 98. Total Per Mile

Operating Revenues $351,810

Operating Expenses

Net Operating Revenues

Other Income

Gross Corporate Income

Fixed Charges (including for Taxes, $15,393)

Deficit

OPERATING EXPENSES

Maintenance of Way

Maintenance of Equipment

Traffic Expenses

Transportation Expenses

General Expenses

Ratio of Operating Expenses to Operating Revenues 84.1 per cent.

Other Income above includes $20,000 from Rentals of Road Leased to the Maine Central R. R.

APPROPRIATION OF GROSS INCOME

1915-16 1914-15 1913-14 1912-13 1911-12 1910-11 For Maintenance Expenses ..32.3% 37.1% 27.7% 23.0% 23.0% 25.1% For Traffic and Other Oper- ating Expenses 47.1% 52.1% 52.1% 50.9% 50.1% 46.5%

For Fixed Charges 42.3% 48.2% 41.6% 39.5% 40.1% 38.3%

For Surplus Dfct. Dfct. Dfct. Dfct. Dfct. Dfct.

$351,810

$3,590

295.857

3,019

55,953

571

21,143

216

77,096

787

1.58,667

1,609

81,571

822

Total Pe

r Mile

$101,959

$1,040

18,322

187

2,364

24

161,790

1,651

11,422

117

1915-16 1914-15 1913-14 1912-13

Tons miles per mile of road 151,886

Passenger miles per mile of road 39,213

Miles, yards and sidings 16 17 17 16

See Notes, page 234.

OF RAILROADS 65

BALTIMORE & OHIO R. R.

Ave. Miles

Avg. Miles

Year

dper.

Gross

Surplus

Year

Oper.

Gross

Surnlus

1902-3

3.935

$63,449,633

$14,905,133

1909-10

4,434

$88,901,252

$16,247,587

1903-4

3.987

£5,071,081

12.766.010

1910-11

4,4.34

88.145.004

12.819,991

1904-5

4.026

67,689.997

14.153.248

1911-12

4.455

92,594.323

13.898,058

1905-6 ,

4,030

77.392,056

19,130,338

1912-13

4,456

101,556,132

13.382,111

1906-7

4,006

82,243.922

18,545,611

1913-14

4,478

97,411,441

9,250,024

1907-8

3,992

73,608,781

10,422,738

1914-15

4,535

91,815,797

10,780.881

1908-9

4,004

71.043,519

13.020,965

1915-16

4,539

111,668,680

13,692.447

STOCK OUTSTANDING *BONDS OUTSTANDING

June 30, 1916. June 30, 1916.

Common $151,945,593 fFixed Interest $400,640,330

Preferred (4%) 58,863,182 Equipment 13,735,000

Real Estate 3,055,460

*Does not include $3. .530,4.50 Bonds in Treasury, flncludes $63,250,000 4%% Bonds convertible into Common Stock at 110 (see Notes).

CAPITALIZATION Total Per Mile

Stock $210,808,775 $46,444

Bonds 417.430,790 91,965

Total 628.239,565 138,409

Fixed Charges below include .$1,401,953 for Rentals, $1,163,273 for Hire of Freight Cars— Dr. and $215,218 Rent for Other Equipment.

INCOME ACCOUNT YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1916

Average miles operated, 4.539. Total Per Mile

Operating Revenues $111,668,680 $24,602

Operating Expenses 79,319,804 17,475

Net Operating Revenues 32,348.876 7,127

Other Income (incl. $207,899 Hire of Equipment) 5,844,375 1,287

Gross Corporate Income 38,193,251 8,414

F'ixed Charges (including for Taxes, $3,674,248) 24,500,804 5,398

♦Surplus 13,692,447 3,016

OPERATING EXPENSES Total Per Mile

Maintenance of Way $13,917,815 $3,066

Maintenance of Equipment 23,513,811 5,180

Traffic Expenses 1.937,389 427

Transportation Expenses 136,782,270 8,104

Miscellaneous Operations and General Expenses 3,168,519 698

Ratio of Operating Expenses to Operating Revenues 71.0 per cent.

*This Surplus before deducting $76,231 Income applied to Sinking and Other Reserve Funds.

t After deducting $.53,650 Transportation for Investment— Cr.

Other Income above includes $1,401,952 from Rentals.

APPROPRIATION OF GROSS INCOME

1915-16 1914-15 1913-14 1912-13 1911-12 1910-11 For Maintenance Expenses ..31.9% 25.8% 27.9% 30.3% 28.9% 28.1% For Traffic and Other Oper- ating Expenses 35.7% 40.1% 41.8% 38.8% 37.8% 39.3%

For Fixed Charges 20.9% 23.0% 21.4% 18.4% 19.0% 18.8%

For Surplus 11.6% 11.1% 8.9% 12.5% 14.3% 13.8%

100.0%o 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

1915-16 1914-15 1913-14 1912-13

Ton miles per mile of road 3,479.318 2,860,005 3,112,539 3.211,865

Passenger miles per mile of road .. 164,750 157,514 183,212 180,688 Miles, second and additional main

track 1,498 1,499 1,495 1,488

Miles, yards, and sidings 3,004 2,973 2,935 2,931

See Notes, page 234.

66 THE EARNING POWER

BALTIMORE & OHIO CHICAGO TERMINAL R. R.

Avg, Miles Avg, Miles

Year Oper. Gross Surplus Year Oper. Gross Surplus

1910-11 77 $1,451,102 *$487,499 1913-14 77 *$1,594,454 $161,831

1911-12 77 1,557,470 *367,197 1914-15 79 1.355,299 131,783

1912-13 77 1,794,351 *357,471 1915-16 79 1,796,502 132,087

Other Income (mostly Rentals) for 1915-16, $1,343,907; 1914-15, $1,463,965; 1913-14, $1,200,348; 1912-13, $803,548; 1911-12, $820,233 and 1910-11, $841,689.

♦Deficit.

STOCK OUTSTANDING BONDS OUTSTANDING

June 30, 1916. June 30, 1916.

Common $8,000,000 Fixed Interest $33,044,000

CAPITALIZATION

Total Per Mile

Stock $8,000,000 $101,266

Bonds 33,044,000 418,278

Total 41,044,000 519,344

Fixed Charges below include $6,539 for Rentals, $154,957 for Hire of Freight Cars— Dr., and $11,477 Rent for Equipment other than Freight Cars.

INCOME ACCOUNT YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1916

Average miles operated, 79. Total Per Mile

Operating Revenues $1,796,502 $22,741

Operating Expenses 1,360,215 17,218

Net Operating Revenues 4.36,287 5,523

Other Income (incl. $1,369,608 from Rentals) 1,463,965 18,531

Gross Corporate Income 1,900,252 24,054

Fixed Charges (including for Taxes, $226,967) 1,768,165 22,382

Surplus 132,087 1,672

OPERATING EXPENSES

Total Per Mile

Maintenance of Way $199,073 $2,520

Maintenance of Equipment 237,435 3,006

Traffic Expenses 11,221 142

Transportation Expenses *791,593 10,020

Miscellaneous Operations and General Expenses 120,893 1,530

Ratio of Operating Expenses to Operating Revenues 75.7 per cent, ♦After deducting $33,075 Transportation for Investment Cr. Other Income above includes $24,273 Rent from Equipment Other than Freight Cars.

APPROPRIATION OF GROSS INCOME

1915-16 1914-15 1913-14 1912-13

For Maintenance Expenses 13.4% 12.2% 16.4% 19.5%

F'or Traffic and other Operating Expenses. .28.3% 25.2% 29.1% 34.6%

For Fixed Charges 54.2% 58.0% 60.3% 59.7%

For Surplus 4.1% 4.6%, Deficit Deficit

100.0% 100.0%» See Notes, page 239.

OF RAILROADS 67

BUFFALO & SUSQUEHANNA R. R. CORPORATION;

(Successor through reorganization to Buffalo & Susquehanna R. R.)

Avg. Miles

Year Oper. Gross Surplus

1914 253 $1,446,196 $162,042

1915 .• *253 1,5.32.863 387,800

STOCK OUTSTANDING BONDS OUTSTANDING

Dec. 31, 1915. Dec. 31, 1915.

Common $3,000 000 Fixed Interest $6,729,900

Preferred (4%) 4,000,000 Equipment 166.000

CAPITALIZATION

Total Per Mile

Stock $7,000,000 $27,668

Bonds 6,895,900 27,256

Total 13,895,900 54,924

F'ixed Charges below include $22,772 for Rentals and $11,692 for Rent of Equipment other than Freight Cars.

INCOME ACCOUNT YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 1915 Average miles operated, 253. Total Per Mile

Operating Revenues $1,532,863 $6,059

Operating Expenses 1,209,396 4,780

Net Operating Revenues 323,467 1,279

Other Income (incl. $70,173 from Rentals) 415,241 1,641

Gross Corporate Income 738,708 2,920

Fixed Charges (including for Taxes, $31,200) 350,908 1,387

*Surplus 387,800 1,533

OPERATING EXPENSES

Total Per Mile

Maintenance of Way $246,483 $974

Maintenance of Equipment 444,536 1,757

Traffic Expenses 14,352 57

Transportation Expenses 433,012 1,711

General Expenses 71,013 281

Ratio of Operating Expenses to Operating Revenues 78.8 per cent.

*This Surplus before deducting $.5,078 Income Applied to Sinking and Other Reserve Funds.

Other Income above includes $182,387 Income from Dividends, Funded and Unfunded Securities and Accounts, $197,880 Hire of F'reight Cars— Cr., and $27,833 Rent from Other Equipment.

APPROPRIATION OF GROSS INCOME

1915 1914

For Maintenance Expenses 35.4% 39.8%

For Traffic and Other Operating Expenses 26.6% 30.8%

For Fixed Charges 18.0% 21.1%

For Surplus 19.9% 8.8%

100.0% 100.0%

1915 1914

Ton miles per mile of road 848.923 824.068

Passenger miles per mile of road 11,489 12,483

Miles, yards and sidings 78 79

See Notes, page 240.

68 THE EARNING POWER

BUFFALO, ROCHESTER & PITTSBURGH

RY.

Avg. Miles

Oper^ Gross

A^

'g. Miles Oper.

Year

Surplus

Year

Gross

Surplus

1902-3

472 $7,404,503

$1,781,595

1909-10

567

$8,936,117

$1,527,373

i:^03-4

499 7.496,521

1,513.264

1910-11

573

9.134.402

1.709.277

1904-5

538 8,138,274

1.387.271

1911-12

570

9.542.368

1,770,895

1905-6

568 7.797,248

1.510.644

1[.12-13

576

10.947.246

2.126,994

1906-7

569 8,595,916

1,539.2(J3

1913-14

581

10.709.535

1.354.784

1907-8

568 7.422,236

1.036.192

1914-15

586

9,479,936

912.720

1908-9

568 7.171,897

1,042,422

1915-16

*586

11.971,019

1,964.137

♦Includes 130 miles trackage.

STOCK OUTSTANDING

•BONDS '

OUTSTANDING

June 30. 191G. June 30, 1916.

Common $10,500,000 Fixed Interest $19,709,000

Preferred (6%) 6,000,000 Equipment 9.184,000

*Does not include $1,604,000 bonds in Treasury and $.368,000 Equipment bonds held in funds.

CAPITALIZATION

Total Per Mile

Stock $16.5(Kl,iX»0 $28,157

Bonds 28,893.000 49,306

Total 45,393.000 77,463

Fixed Charges below include $373,500 for Rentals of Leased Roads, $.314,087 for Joint Facilities Rents and $974 for Hire of Equipment.

INCOME ACCOUNT YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1916

Average miles operated, S^G. Total Per Mile

Operating Revenues $11,971,019 $20,428

Operating Expenses 8,648,790 14,759

Net Operating Revenues 3,322.229 5,669

Other Income (incl. $165.-587 from Rentals) 1,016,099 1,734

Gross Corporate Income ". 4,338.328 7,403

Fixed Charges (including for Taxes, $250,000) 2,374,191 4,051

Surplus 1,9&4,137 3,351

OPERATING EXPENSES

Total Per Mile

Maintenance of Way $1,652,891 $2,821

Maintenance of Equipment 2,753,623 4,699

Traffic Expenses 142.840 244

Transportation Expenses 3,819,911 6,518

Miscellaneous Operations and General Expenses 279.525 477

Ratio of Operating Expenses to Operating Revenues 72.2 per cent.

APPROPRIATION OF GROSS INCOME

1915-16 1914-15 1913-14 1912-13 1911-12 1910-11 For Maintenance Expenses ..34.0% 33.4% 31.8% 31.1% 29.1% 29.2% B-or Traffic and Other Oper- ating Expenses < .32.7%

For Fixed Charges 18.37o

For Surplus 15.0%

34.6%

37.1%

33.0%

33.5%

32.4%

23.0%

19.4%

18.1%

20.2%

21.3%

9.0%

11.7%

17.8%

17.2%

17.1%

100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

1915-16 1914-15 1913-14 1912-13

Ton miles per mile of road 3,816,284 2,868,639 3,407,940 3,542,289

Passenger miles per mi.e of road ... 87,964 86,033 95,752 94,745 Miles, second and additional main

track 208 208 207 195

Miles, yards and sidings 378 373 360 334

See Notes, page 241.

OF RAILROADS ' 69

CENTRAL R. R. OF NEW JERSEY.

Avg. Miles Avg. Miles

Year Oper. Gross Surplus Year Oper. Gross Surplus

1901-5 602 $19,259,117 $5,032,422 1910-11 634 §21.799.235 |7,148,101

1905-6 610 20,533,031 5.659,705 1911-12 1669 25,890,094 6,009.072

1906-7 610 22,772,568 5.782,879 1912-13 t676 28.405,757 7,332,883

1907-8 610 23,184,414 5,123,473 1913-14 t678 27.372,315 5,723,934

1908-9 610 22,068,278 4,537,988 1914-15 t681 28.742.256 5.312.178

1909-10 631 23,851,511 *9,103,899 1915-16 1684 33,462,929 $5,972,573

*Includes profits from sale of Lehigh Valley B. R. stock (amount not specined). -^Includes New York & Long Branch R. R. (38 miles).

■fXat including $1,103,654 dividend on L. b' W.-B. Coal Co. stock (see below).

STOCK OUTSTANDING *BONDS OUTSTANDING

June 30, 1916. June 30, 1916.

Common $27,436,800 Fixed Interest $45,091,000

*Does not include $1,167,000 Bonds and $3,110,000 Equipment Certifi- cates (entire issue) in Treasury.

CAPITALIZATION Total Per Mile

Stock $27,436,800 $40,112

Bonds 45.091,000 65,923

Total 72.527,800 106.035

Fixed Charges below include $2,329,335 Rent for Leased Roads, $348,986 Other Rental and $572,759 Rent for Equipment.

INCOME ACCOUNT YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1916 Average miles operated, 684. Total Per Mile

Operating Revenues $33,462,929 $48,922

Operating Expenses 21,129,895 30.892

Net Operating Revenues 12.333.034 18,030

Other Income Hncl. $349,620 from Rentals) 1.303,786 1,905

Gross Corporate Income 13.636,820 19,935

Fixed Charges (including for Taxes, $1,826,514) 7.6&4,247 11.205

Surplus 5,972,573 8.730

OPERATING EXPENSES Total Per Mile

Maintenance of VTcy $2,775,739 $4,058

Maintenance of Equipment 5,451,510 7,970

Traffic Expenses .359, &11 526

Transportation Expenses (incl. $121,949 Water Lines) 11.661,465 17.(Wt9

Miscellaneous Operations and General Expenses 881.540 1.289

Pcatio of Operating Expenses to Operating Revenues 65.2 per cent. Other Income above includes $349,620 from Rentals, $125,606 Rent from Equipment and $199,231 Dividend Income. Other Income does not in- clude $1,103,6.54 Dividend from Lehigh & Wilkesbarre Coal Co. stock owned (see Notes).

APPROPRIATION OF GROSS INCOME

1915-16 1914-15 1913-14 1912-13 1911-12 1910-11 For Maintenance Expenses ..23.7% 24.3% 26.3% 22.8% 23.1% 22.8% For Traffic and Other Oper- ating Expenses 37.1% 34.1% 32.1% 30.7% 31.5% 29.1%

For Fixed Charges 22.0% 25.2% 22.8% 22.6% 24.0% 22.0%

For Surplus 17.2% 16.4% 18.8% 23.9% 2L4% 26.1%

100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

1915-16 1914-15 1913-14 1912-13

Ton miles per mile of road 3,875,362 3,309,195 3,499,933 3,672,024

Passenger miles per mile of road .... 589,356 558,757 557,703 556,960 Miles, second and additional main

track 333 332 334 334

Miles, yards and sidings 811 786 782 737

See Notes, page 242.

70 THE EARNING POWER

CUMBERLAND VALLEY R. R.

Avg. Miles Avg. Miles

Year Oper. Gross Surplus Year Oper. Gross Surplus

1902 163 $1,256,501 $316,643 1909 162 $2,668,951 $1,037,361

1903 163 2,019,378 350,064 1910 162 3,128,258 970,397

1904 163 2.165,558 579,059 1911 162 2.891,331 729,635

1905 163 2,472,221 851,259 1912 162 3,291,360 872,542

1906 163 2.904.990 962,624 1913 162 3,574,335 851,535

1907 162 2.935.107 985,101 1914 IW 3,227,054 947.221

1908 162 2,409,762 932,359 1915 164 3,091,214 1,076,755

STOCK OUTSTANDING BONDS OUTSTANDING

December 31, 1915. December 31, 1915.

Common $4,848,650 Equipment $5,420

Preferred 1st (8%) 241,900

Preferred 2d (8%) 243,000

CAPITALIZATION

Total Per Mile

Stock $5,333,550 $32,522

Bonds 5,420 33

Total 5,338,970 32.555

Fixed Charges below include $136,291 for Rentals, and $12,956 for Hire of Equipment.

INCOME ACCOUNT YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 1915

Average miles operated, 164. Total Per Mile

Operaling Revenues (1916. $3,684,644) $3,091,214 $18,849

Operating Expenses (1916. $2,039,343) 1.879,599 11,461

Net Operating Revenues (1916, $1,&45,301) 1,211,615 7,388

Other Income (Including $32,637 from Rentals) 88,136 537

Gross Corporate Income 1,299,751 7,925

Fixed Charges 222,996 1,360

♦Surplus (1916, $1,485,651) 1,076,755 6,565

OPERATING EXPENSES

Total Per Mile

Maintenance of Way $389,471 $2,375

Maintenance of Equipment 349,705 2,132

Traffic Expenses 53,202 324

Transportation Expenses 970,773 5,919

General Expenses 116,439 710

Ratio of Operating Expenses to Operating Revenues 60.6 per cent.

♦This Surplus before deducting $649,991 Income appropriated for In- vestment in Physical Property.

APPROPRIATION OF GROSS INCOME

1915 1914 1913 1912 1911 1910 For Maintenance Expenses. ..23.2% 28.1% 31.0% 30.0% 31.2% 26.5% For Traffic and Other Operat- ing Expenses 35.6% 38.1% 37.1% 36.1% 36.3% 34.67o

For Fixed Charges 7.0% 5.4% 8.7% 8.0% 7.9% 8.5%

For Surplus 34.2% 28.4% 23.2% 25.9% 24.6% 30.4%

100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

1915 1914 1913 1912

Ton miles per mile of road 2,467,731 2,756.584 3,303,332 2,894,420

Passenger miles per mile of road 192,621 210,971 226,172 224,940

Miles, second and additional main

track 60 60 57 57

Miles, yards and sidings 113 113 109 &4

See Notes, page 244.

OF RAILROADS

71

DELAWARE & HUDSON CO.

Avg. Miles Avg. Miles

Year Oper. Gross Surplus Year Oper. Gross Surplus

1902 689 $11,050,690 $2,497,874 1909 843 |19,525,859 $5,194,840

1903 769 13,642,953 6,205,156 lylO 843 20,431.800 5,330,189

1904 843 15,071.124 5,256,446 1911 878 21,421,817 5,237,681

1905 843 16,382,074 5,707.743 1912 878 22,480.103 5,506,089

1906 843 17.050,029 5,301,622 1913 904 24,153,495 6,174.736

1907 845 20.175,793 6.466.172 1914 904 22,595.028 4,607.862

1908 845 18,500,731 5,254,458 1915 909 23.787,519 6,071,441

STOCK OUTSTANDING BONDS OUTSTANDING

December 31, 1915. December 31, 1915.

Common $42,503,000 *Fixed Interest $66,635,625

Stock per mile of road Equipment 9,643,000

operated $46,758

*See Notes regarding- issue under date of October 1, 1915, of $14,451,000 5% bonds due 1935 convertible into stock at 150 between October 1. 1917, and October 1. 1927. The proceeds of this issue were used to pay off $13,973,000 4% bonds due June 15, 1915.

Loans Payable, December 31, 1915, .>;2,703.534.

Fixed Charges below include $1,999,352 for Rentals, $75,000 Interest on Divisional Bonds and $135,586 General Interest and Discount.

INCOME ACCOUNT YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 1915

Average miles operated 909. Total Per Mile

Operating Revenues $23,787,519 $26,169

Operating Expenses 14,823,626 16.308

Net Operating Revenues 8.963.893 9.861

Other Income (including $142,489 Hire of Equipment). 2,625,620 2.892

Gross Corporate Income 11.592,513 12.7.53

Fixed Charges (including for R. R. Taxes $680,119).. 5,521.072 6.074

Surplus 6,071,441 6,679

OPERATING EXPENSES

Total Per Mile

Maintenance of Way $1,852,166 $2,038

Maintenance of Equipment 3,703,382 4.074

Traffic Expenses 315,992 348

Transportation Expenses *7,985,6S2 8,785

General Expenses 966.404 1,063

Ratio of Operating Expenses to Operating Revenues 62.3 per cent.

*After deducting $22,299 Transportation for Investment— Cr.

Other Income above includes $879,984 Dividends and Income (largely from Traction Co. Shares owned), and $1,480,800 Gross Income, Coal Department ($1,357,955 in 1914).

APPROPRIATION OF GROSS INCOME

1915 1914 1913 1912 1911 1910 For Maintenance Expenses ..21.0% 21.2% 20.7% 20.8% 19.7% 19.5% For Traffic and Other Operat- ing Expenses 35.1% 38.7% 36.1% 35.8% 35.5% 34.6%

For Fixed Charges 20.9% 21.8% 20.1%, 21.2%, 22.2% 22.3%

For Surplus 23.0% 18.3%, 23.1% 22.2% 22.6%, 23.6%

100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

1915 1914 1913 1912

Ton miles per mile of road 3,167,185 3,022.296 2,688,070 3,221,937

Passenger miles per mile of road ... 146,841 163,342 140,692 176,565 Miles, second and additional main

track 348 381 371 368

Miles, yards and sidings 642 639 634 650

See Notes, page 245. :^ ^ l.iiU

72

THE EARNING POWER

Avg. Miles

year

Oper.

Gross

Year

1902

771

$21,398,764

1909

1903

770

29,180,964

1910

1904

770

28,701,991

1911

1905

770

31,951,063

1912

1906

770

32,962.880

1913

1907

770

37.264,473

1914

1908

770

32,898,495

1915

DELAWARE, LACKAWANNA & WESTERN R. R.

Avg. Miles Oper. Gross

815 $34,815,011

815 36,052,932

843 36,586.563

923 37.564,511

923 40.78-1,148

923 39,249,790

*919 44,786,731

*Does not include 62 miles controlled and operated.

STOCK OUTSTANDING BONDS OUTSTANDING

December 31, 1915. December 31, 1915.

Common $42,277,000 B. & P. Ry $320,000

Per mile of road oper- ated $46,003

CAPITALIZATION Fixed Charges below include .1!6,f»63,815 for Renials of Leased Roads and $1,289,700 Discount on Bonds sold.

INCOME ACCOUNT YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 1915 Averag-e miles operated 919. Total Per Mile

Operating Revenues $44,786,731 $48,734

Operating Expenses 27,756.947 30,203

Net Operating Revenues 17.029,784 18,531

Other Income (including $316,530 from Rentals) 5,026,014 5,469

Gross Corporate Income 22,0.55.798 24,000

Fixed Charges (including for Taxes, $2,115,3.34) 9,476,602 10,312

♦Surplus 12,579,196 13,688

OPERATING EXPENSES

Total Per Mile

Maintenance of Way $4,662,311 $5,073

Maintenance of Equipment 6,869,900 7.475

Traffic Expenses 920,556 1,002

Transportation Expenses 114,011,675 15,247

General Expenses 1,292,505 1,406

Ratio of Operating Expenses to Operating Revenues 62.0 per cent. ♦This Surplus before deducting $1,616,056 for Additions and Better- ments ($1,299,256 in 1914; $1,879,576 in 1913). tAfter deducting $210,621 Transportation for Investment— Cr. Other Income above includes $280,920 from Rentals. $22,440 from Hire of Equipment— Cr., $1,536,916 Coal Department Earnings, $1,906,123 Depletion of Coal Deposits and $405,501 Dividends on Stocks.

1915 Earnings as above are classified in accordance with new basis prescribed by the I. C. C.

APPROPRIATION OF GROSS INCOME

1915 1914 1913 1912 1911 For Maintenance Expenses ..23.2% 24.5% 24.8% 24.7% 23.8% For Traffic and Other Operat- ing Expenses 32.6% 30.2% 31.2% 30.6% 29.8%

For Fixed Charges 19.1% 16.7% 18.6% 17.7% 17.9%

For Surplus 25.1% 28.6% 25.4% 27.0% 28.5%

1910

21.7%

17.0% 32.5%

100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Ton miles per mile of road

Passenger miles per mile of road

Miles, second and additional main

track

Miles, yards and sidings

See Notes, page 247.

1915

.571.589 574,743

653 1,015

1914

4,150,981 574,766

636 1,017

1913

4,398,206 591,884

543 1,102

1912 4,041,439 547,763

541 1,078

OF RAILROADS 73

ERIE

R. R.

Avg. Miles

Avg. Miles

Year

Oper.

Gross

*Surplus

Year

Oper.

Gross

♦Surplus $5,390,412

1904-5

2,150

$43,321,647

?4,406.596

1910-11

2.26.5

$53,820,050

1905-6

2.151

47.461,402

5,016.644

1911-12

2,258

53,708.469

3,377,203

1906-7

2,151

51,194,113

5.903.6.58

1912-13

2,257

59,465,185

8,105.675

1907-8-

2.171

46,746.436

tl. 623.423

1913-14

2,257

57.804.814

1,422,975

1908-9

2.231

47,514.859

2.947.644

1914

-3,2.57

$31,216,708

$771,501

1909-10

2.227

51.830,720

5,806,543

1915

2,257

66.436.720

8,236,041

*Svirplus for years 1912-13, 1913-14 and 1915 before deducting Slnhing Fund Payment Surplus for prior years after deducting same. fDeflcit. JFlscal year changed July 1, 1914. to the calendar year; figures are for six months July 1 to December 31.

STOCK OUTSTANDING BONDS OUTSTANDING

December 31, 1915 December 31, 1915

Common $112,378,900 *Fixed Interest $182,605,400

Preferred 1st (4%) 47,892,400 Equipment 13,166,983

Preferred 2nd (4%) 16,000,000 fNotes 23,280,000

Other 907,069

*Does not Include .527,824.000 bonds owned (Dec. 31, 191-5^ and pledged; also 87,781.000 bonds In Sinking Fund. In April, 1916. §19,627.100 Convertible 4% Series "D " bonds were Issued to provide for the retirement of .510,000.000 Notes due April, 1916, and in part for retirement of .513.500,000 5 J^ 'T, Notes due April, 1917. t-510,000,000 of which carried In the balance sheet under "Loans Payable."

CAPITALIZATION Total Per Mile

Stock $176,271,300 $78,100

Bonds 219,959,452 97,456

Total 396.230,752 175.556

Fixed charges below include $2,295,149 for Rent of Leased Roads; $933,517 for Other Rentals; $681,266 Hire for Freight Cars (net); $191,673 Rent for Other Equipment.

INCOME ACCOUNT YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 1915 Average miles operated, 2,257. Total Per Mile

Operating Revenues $66,436,720 $29,436

Operating Expenses 43,416,683 19.237

Net Operating Revenues 23,020,037 10,199

Other Income (incl. $701,557 from Rentals) 2,464,215 1,092

Gross Corporate Income 25,484,252 11,291

Fixed Charges (including for Taxes, $2,206,407) 17,248.211 7.642

♦Surplus 8,236,041 3,649

OPERATING EXPENSES Total Per MUe

Maintenance of Wav $5,630,281 $2,495

Maintenance of Equipment 11,484,233 5,088

Traffic Expenses L339,635 594

Transportation Expenses (incl. $287,497 Water Lines) 123,094,481 10,232

Misc. Operations and General Expenses 1,868,052 828

Ratio of Operating Expenses to Operating Revenues, 65.3 per cent.

♦This Surplus before deducting 51,383,754 for Investment In Physical Property and 5836,068 appropriated to Sinlclng and other Reserve Funds.

fAfter deducting 5116.101 Transportation for Investment Cr.

APPROPRIATION OF GROSS INCOME

1915 1913-14 1912-13 1911-12 1910-11 1909-10 For Maintenance Expenses. . .24.8% 30.2% 26.0% 26.6% 25.5% 26.1% F'or Traffic, Transportation

and General Expenses 38.2% 40.5%

For Fixed Charges 25.0% 27.0%

For Surplus 12.0% 2.3%

100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

1915 1913-14 1912-13 1911-12

Ton miles per mile of road 3,793,698 3,291,110 3,425,199 3,021,949

Passenger miles per mile of road 261,698 243,304 286,675 270,837

Miles, second etc. main track 1,257 1,243 1,146 1,011

Miles, yards and sidings 1,768 1,237 1-699

See Notes, page 250.

36.0%

37.9%

36.3%

35.2%

25.6%

29.7%

28.6%

28.3%

12.4%

5.8%

9.3%

10.4%

74 THE EARNING POWER

FONDA, JOHNSTOWN & GLOVERSVILLE R. R.

Avg. Miles

Avg. Miles

Year Open

Gross

Surplus

Year Oper.

Gross

Surplus

1308-9 86

$792,659

$41,204

1912-13 88

$988,323

$94,101

1909-10 80

904.751

. 117,174

1913-14 89

986.877

92,707

1910-11 86

946.366

134.304

1914-15 88

874.762

13,263

1911-12 S8

932,168

101,661

1915-16 88

*954,011

53,864

♦Steam and

r:iectric

DTvisions;

passenger revenue from

Electric

Division was !

5591,731 in

1915-16.

STOCK OUTSTANDING BONDS OUTSTANDING

June 30, 1916. June 30, 1916.

Common $2,500,000 Fixed Interest $7,000,000

♦Preferred (6%) 500,000

♦Cumulative.

CAPITALIZATION

Total Per Mile

Stock $3,000,000 $34,091

Bonds 7,000,000 79,545

Total 10,000,000 113,636

Fixed Charges below include $8,100 for Rentals of Leased Lines,

$22,586 for Other Rentals, $28,808 Hire of Equipment and $2,959 Deficit Summer Resort, Sacandaga, N. Y.

INCOME ACCOUNT YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1916

Average miles operated, 88. Total Per Mile

Operating Revenues $954,011 $10,841

Operating ii,xpenses 493,103 5,603

Net Operating Revenues 460,908 5,238

Other Income 30,560 347

Gross Corporate Income 491,468 5,585

Fixed Charges (including for Taxes, $44,608) 437,604 4,973

Surplus 53,864 612

OPERATING EXPENSES

Total Per Mile

Maintenance of Way $90,750 $1,031

Maintenance of Equipment 57,399 652

Traffic Elxpenses 8,667 99

Transportation Expenses (including $37,665 Power) .... 270,726 3,076

General Expenses 65,561 745

Ratio of Operating Expenses to Operating Revenues 51,7 per cent.

APPROPRIATION OF GROSS INCOME

1915-16 1914-15 1913-14 1912-13 1911-12 1910-11

For Maintenance Expenses ..15.0% 14.1% 14.0% 14.8% 13.3% 13.2% For Traffic and Other Operat- ing Expenses 35.0% 37.4% 34.5% 34.0% 33.9% 31.9%

For Fixed Charges 44.5% 47.0% 42.4% 42.0% 42.3% 41.2%

For Surplus 5.5% 1.5% 9.1% 9.2% 10.5% 13.7%

100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

1915-16 1914-15 1913-14 1912-13 Miles, second and additional main

track 23 23 23 22

Miles, yards and sidings 14 13 13 13

See Notes, page 256.

OF RAILROADS

75

LEHIGH

& HUDSON RIVER

RY.

Avg. Miles

Avg. Miles

Year

Open

Gross

Surplus

Year Oper.

Gross

Surplus

1904-5

77

?4M,110

122,023

1910-11 97

$1,465,795

1244,264

1905-6

86

626.971

67,592

1911-12 97

1,621,891

236.771

1906-7

97

844,335

43,387

1912-13 97

1,849,435

272,175

1907-8

97

851,519

11,532

1913-14 97

1,774,792

132,693

190S-9

97

1,251,316

80,400

1914-15 97

1,816,585

261.299

1909-10

97

1,440,033

245,172

1915-16 *97

2,109,857

483,299

♦Includes 22 miles trackage.

STOCK OUTSTANDING BONDS OUTSTANDING

June 30, 1916. June 30, 1916. Common 11,340,000 Fixed Interest $3,151,000

CAPITALIZATION

Total Per Mile

Stock $1,340,000 $13,814

Bonds 3,151,000 32,485

Total 4,491,000 46,299

Fixed Charges below include $87,480 for Rentals and $104,732 for Hire of Equipment Dr.

INCOME ACCOUNT YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1916

Average miles operated, 97. Total Per Mile

Operating Revenues $2,109,857 $21,751

Operating Expenses 1,226,629 12,&46

Net Operating Revenues 883,228 9,105

Other Income 5,493 57

Gross Corporate Income 888,721 9,162

Fixed Charges (including for Taxes, $.58,010) 405,422 4,180

Surplus 483,299 4,982

OPERATING EXPENSES

Total Per Mile

Maintenance of Wav $205,440 $2,117

Maintenance of Equipment 269,259 2,777

Traffic Expenses 17,814 184

Transportation Expenses 681.828 7,029

General Expenses 52,2S8 539

Ratio of Operating Expenses to Operating Revenues 58.1 per cent.

APPROPRIATION OF GROSS INCOME

1915-16 1914-15 1913-14 1912-13 1911-12 1910-11 F'or Maintenance Expenses ..22.57o 26.3% 29.4% 27.0% 26.4% 25.0% For Traffic and Other Operat- ing Expenses 35.5% 39.4% 43.2% 40.0% 38.6% 36.9%

For Fixed Charges 19.2% 20.0% 19.9% 18.3% 20.5% 21.4%

For Surplus 22.87o 14.3% 7.5% 14.7% 14.5% 16.77o

100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

1915-16

Ton miles per mile of road 3,543,041

Passenger miles per mile of road 46,218

Miles, yard.s and sidings 53

See Notes, page 257.

1914-15

1913-14

1912-13

3,273,811

3,245,800

3,419,873

63,266

66,781

19,773

52

54

53

76

THE EARNING POWER

LEHIGH & NEW ENGLAND R. R.

Avg. Miles

Av

'g. Miles

Year

Oper.

Gross

Surplus

Year

Oper.

Gross

Surplus

1904-5

132

$326,433

$15,106

1910-11

170

$900,632

$52,707

1905-6

137

565,109

19.682

1911-12

170

869,292

19,992

1906-7

168

686,277

17,831

1912-13

*269

1,793,785

358,184

1907-8

170

655,514

t47,020

1913-14

*294

2,255,800

547.112

1908-9

170

777,061

4:12,384

1914-15

t296

2,646,662

692,947

1909-10

170

804,324

39.328

1915-16

t296

3,278,968

939,741

♦Mileage at June 30. flncludes 96 miles of trackage. JDeficit.

♦STOCK OUTSTANDING

June 30, 1916.

Common $6,000,000

BONDS OUTSTANDING June 30, 1916.

Fixed Interest $5,000,000

Equipment 2,450,000

♦Includes $5,000,000 stock sold at par 1912-13 to 1914-lo, to provide funds to retire bonds and unfunded debt and to acquire the Panther Creek R. R.

CAPITALIZATION

Total Per Mile

Stock $6,000,000 $20,270

Bonds 7,450,000 25,169

Total 13,450,000 45,439

Fixed Charges below include $111,863 for Rentals, $79,847 for Hire of Freight Cars— Dr., $4,597 Rent of Equipment and $10,339 Amortization of Discount on F'unded Debt

INCOME ACCOUNT YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1916 Average miles operated, 296.

Total Per Mile

Operating Revenues $3,278,968 $11,077

Operating Expenses 1,758,037 5,939

Net Operating Revenues 1,520.931 5,138

Other Income (including $4,078 Rent of Equipment).. 41,161 139

Gross Corporate Income 1,562,092 5,277

Fixed Charges (including for Taxes, $88,360) 622,351 2,102

Surplus , 939,741 3,175

OPERATING EXPENSES

Total Per Mile

Maintenance of Way $436,557 $1,475

Maintenance of Equipment 386,3.52 1,305

Traffic Expenses 24,201 82

Transportation Expenses 839,055 2,834

General Expenses 71,872 243

Ratio of Operating Expenses to Operating Revenues 53.6 per cent.

Other Income above includes $7,469 from Rentals, and $27,618 Income from Unfunded Securities and Accounts.

APPROPRIATION OF GROSS INCOME

1915-16 1914-15 1913-14 1912-13 1911-12 1910-11

For Maintenance Expenses ..24.8% For Traffic and Other Operat- ing Expenses 28.2%

For Fixed Charges 18.8%

For Surplus 28.2%

26.8% 26.3% 25.2% 30.6% 25.0%

27.8%

29.2%

28.4%

33.8%

33.1%

19.8%

20.4%

26.4%

36.8%

36.0%

25.6%

24.1%

20.0%

Dfct.

5.9%

100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

100.0%

Miles, second and additional main

track

Mile.s, yards and sidings

See Notes, page 258.

1915-16 1914-15 1913-14 1912-13

2 103

40

OF RAILROADS 77

LEHIGH VALLEY

R. R.

Avg. Miles

Avg. Miles

Year Oper.

Gross

Surplus

Year

Open

Gross

Surplus

$8,500,007

1904-5 1,394

$31,275,843

$7,439,987

1910-11

1.432

$37,687,403

1905-6 1,429

32,789,857

7,340,300

1911-12

1,441

36,905,935

6,813,020

1906-7 1.443

36,068,432

8,204,794

1912-13

1,451

43,043,372

8,761.828

1907-8 1,448

35,510,154

7,759,180

1913-14

1,440

39.783.564

7.056,660

1908-9 1,446

33,137.832

5,843.803

1914-15

1,444

42,525,962

6,322.445

1909-10 1,440

36,167.398

8.137,401

1915-16

*1.444

47,382.569

7,666,410

♦Includes 44 miles of trackage.

STOCK OUTSTANDING *BONDS OUTSTANDING

June 30, 1916. June 30, 1916.

Common $60,501,700 Fixed Interest $129,030,000

Preferred (10%) 106,300 Equipment 750,000

Real Estate 1,669

*Does not include $15,056,000 Bonds and $3,650,000 Equipment Cer- tificates in Treasury; includes $44.751, CKX) bonds of Leased Roads. CAPITALIZATION

Total Per Mile

Stock $60,608,000 $41,972

Bonds 129.78L669 89,876

Total 190,389,669 131,848

Fixed Charges below include $2,142,589 for Rental of Leased Roads mostly representing interest on bonds (included above under bonds outstanding) ; also $748,657 Other Rentals and $1,(40,279 Hire of Equip- ment— Dr.

INCOME ACCOUNT YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1916 Average miles operated, 1,444. Total Per Mile

Operating Revenues $47,382,569 $32,813

Operating Expenses 33,092.977 22,917

Net Operating Revenues 14,289,592 9,896

Other Income (including $903,313 Dividend Income^ . 2,666,526 1,&46

Gross Corporate Income 16,956,118 11,742

Fixed Charges (including for Taxes, $1,706,093) 9,259,678 6,433

Surplus 7,666,440 5,309

OPERATING EXPENSES

Total Per Mile

Maintenance of Way $4,657,854 $3,225

Maintenance of Equipment 9,364,629 6,485

Traffic Expenses 996,249 690

Transportation Expenses 17,090,113 11,835

General Expenses 984,132 682

Ratio of Operating Expenses to Operating Revenues 69.8 per cent. Other Income above includes $254,531 from Rentals and $431,190 Income from Funded Securities.

APPROPRIATION OF GROSS INCOME

1915-16 1914-15 1913-14 1912-13 1911-12 1910-11 For Maintenance Expenses ..28.1% 26.5% 27.2% 29.2% 26.3% 24.5% Fur Traffic and Other Operat- ing Expenses 38.1% 38.7% 37.6% 35.0% 37.0% 35.0%

F'or Fixed Charges 18.5% 18.6% 18.7% 16.5% 19.2% 18.9%

For Surplus 15.3% 14.2% 16.5% 19.3% 17.5% 2L6%

100.0% 10(10% 100.0% 100. 07o 100.0% 100.0%

1915-16 1914-15 1913-14 1912-13

Ton miles per mile of road 4,149.412 3,689,820 3,624, l.i8 4,005,862

Passenger miles per mile of road.... 158,117 149,403 184,264 187,248 Miles, second and additional main

track 741 739 740 733

Miles, yards and sidings 1,270 1,216 1,208 1,183

See Notes, page 258.

78

THE EARNING POWER

LONG ISLAND R. R.

Year 1902-3 1903-4 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 ♦Deficit

Avg. Miles Open 392 392 392 392 392 392 392

Gross

$6,440,992 6.835.&18 7.083,807 7,824,986 9,595.596

10,130.408 9,818,545

Surplus

$305,588

*275,205

*54,389

22,529

*28.359

*858,829

*276,088

Avg. Miles Year Oper.

1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915

391 399 399 399 398 399 397

Gross

Surplus

10,898,371

316,780

9,779,116

*328,563

10.517,751

*457.956

11,186.656

*282,690

12,204,738

*977.985

13.220.334

H94.131

13,553,780

*161,150

STOCK OUTSTANDING

December 31, 1915. Common $12,000,000

BONDS OUTSTANDING December 31, 1915.

Fixed Interest' $54,666,488

Equipment 2,866,000

Real Estate 1,767,680

*Other 16,710,359

*Non-Negotiable debt to Affiliated Companies, viz.: Notes, $14,141,286; Open Accounts, $466,551 and Interest, $2,102,522.

CAPITALIZATION

Total Per Mile

Stock $12,000,000 $30,227

Bonds 75,810,527 190,960

Total 87.810,537 221,187

Fixed Charges below include $1,324,577 for Rentals including $664,265 Rent for Leased Roads and $11,715 for Hire of Equipment— Dr.

INCOME ACCOUNT YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 1915 Average miles operated, 397. Total Per Mile

Operating Revenues (1916. $14,971,839) $13,553,780 $34,141

Operating Expenses (1916, $9,927,208) 9,126,922 22,990

Net Operating Revenues (1916. $5,044,631) 4,426,858 n,151

Other Income (including $266,839 from Rentals) 733,625 1,848

Gross Corporate Income 5,160,483 12,999

Fixed Charges (including for Taxes, $934,822) 5,32L633 13,404

Deficit (1916, Surplus, $241,472) 161,150 406

OPERATING EXPENSES Total Per Mile

Maintenance of Way $1,529,223 $3,852

Maintenance of Equipment 1,517,410 3,822

Traffic Expenses 128,898 325

Transportation Expenses 5,449,680 13,8.')3

Miscellaneous Operations and General Expenses 451,711 1,138

Ratio of Operating Expenses to Operating Revenues 67.3 per cent.

APPROPRIATION OF GROSS INCOME

1915 1914 1913 1912 1911 1910 For Maintenance Expenses ..2L3% 20.9% 23.1% 22.3%, 22.8%, 23.6%, For Traffic and Other Oper- ating Expenses 42.6%, 44.8%o 44.7%, 43.2%, 45.6%, 45.0%

For F'ixed Charges 37.1% 37.9%o 39.6%o 36.8%, 35.6%o 34.4%,

Dfct. Dfct. - Dfct. Dfct. Dfct. Dfct.

Ton miles per mile of road

Passenger miles per mile of road .. Miles, second and additional main

track

Miles, yards and sidings

See Notes, page 261.

1915 271,894 1,535,386

209 457

1914

257,771

1,519,595

199

1913

236,294

1,489,660

196 i:33

1912

255,379 1,383,728

190 2i'9

OF RAILROADS

79

MARYLAND & PENNSYLVANIA R. R.

Avg. Miles Avg. Miles

Year Oper. Gross Surplus Year Oper. Gross Surplus

1906 SO ?354,354 $69,755 1911 80 $441,396 $56,948

1907 SO 385,654 85.656 1912 80 474.559 5^,859 190S 80 367,033 55.677 1913 80 531,087 14.650

1909 80 399.720 63.541 1914 80 524.081 14,433

1910 80 425,827 85,692 1915 80 480,084 13,749

STOCK OUTSTANDING BONDS OUTSTANDING

December 31, 1915. December 31, 1915.

*Common $1,602,500 fFixed Interest $1,099,450

Income Bonds (4%) 900,000 Equipment 52,500

?Notes due 1920 300,000

*Does not include $lXiOO,000 stock held as Collateral for 10-Yeai' Con- vertible Notes and $997,500 stock in Treasury. jDoes not include $303,000 First Mortgage bonds in Treasury held by Trustee or used as Collateral for Call Loan. JConvertible Into stock at 5C% until July 1, 1923.

CAPITALIZATION

Total Per Mile

Stock and Income Bonds $2,502,500 $31,281

Bonds 1,451,950 18,149

Total 3,954,450 49,430

Fixed Charges below include $11,^2 for Rentals and $19,212 for Hire of Equipment Dr.

INCOME ACCOUNT YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 1915

Average miles operated, 80. Total Per Mile

Operating Revenues $480,084 $6,001

Operating Expenses ; 350,816 4,385

Net Operating Revenues '. 129,268 1,616

Other Income 733 9

Gross Corporate Income 130,001 1,625

Fixed Charges 116,252 1,453

Surplus 13,749 172

OPERATING EXPENSES

Total Per Mile

Maintenance of Way $79,146 $989

Maintenance of Equipment 50,002 625

Traffic Expenses 6,674 83

Transportation Expenses 193,498 2,419

General Expenses 21,496 269

Ratio of Operating Expenses to Operating Revenues 73.1 per cent.

APPROPRIATION OF GROSS INCOME

1915 1914 1913 1912 For Maintenance Expenses ..26.9% 28.2% 30.2% 27.5% For Traffic and Other Operat- ing Expenses 46.1% 45.7% 46.5% 42.0%

For Fixed Charges 24.2% 23.4% 20.6% 17.9%

For Surplus 2.8% 2.7% 2.7% 12.6%

100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

1915 1914

Miles, yards and sidings 13

Sec Notes, page 262.

1911

27.6%

42.2% 17.4%

12.8%

1913

1910

23.6%

42.1% 14.3% 20.0%

1912

80 THE EARNING POWER

NEW YORK CENTRAL R. R.

Avg. Miles Avg. Miles

Year Oper. Gross Surplus Year Oper. Gross Surplus

1906 3,784 $92,089,769 $12,275,908 1911 3,790 $103,954,863 $15,304,449

1907 3,782 98.369,060 11,083,829 1912 3,791 109,900,015 1:^,879,837

1908 3,781 83.927.354 8.931,600 1913 3.753 116,904,304 13.243.558

1909 3.782 93.171.861 13,695,420 1914 3,774 112,741,051 8.688,672

1910 3,785 99,908,478 14,288,672 1915 *5,640 167,912,333 27,711,474 *On January l,1915.the New York Central & Hudson River R. R., the Lake Shore & Michi- gan Southern Ry.. the Chicago, Indiana & Southern R. R. and several minor lines were con- solidated a.s the New York Central R. R. This explains large Increase In mileage, etc.

STOCK OUTSTANDING *BONDS OUTSTANDING

December 31, 1915. December 31, 1915.

Common $249,590,460 Fixed Interest $635,211,400

Stock per mile of road Equipment .....' 46,028,753

operated $44,254 Miscellaneous 152,789

♦Includes all bonds of the Lake Shore and other Consolidated Com- panies; includes also $1(J(J,<X)0,(XX) 6% Debenture bonds due 1935 con- vertible into stock at 105, May 1, 1917 to April 30, 1925, inclusive.

See Notes regarding- details as to Consolidation of New York Central, likewise regarding issue of $25,000,000 new stock to stock- holders at par.

Fixed Charges below include $6,270,688 Rent for Leased Roads, and $1.79.3,945 for Other Rental.

INCOME ACCOUNT YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 1915 Average miles operated, 5,64<J. Total Per Mile

Operating Revenues $167,912,333 $29,772

Operating Expenses 109,394,344 19,396

Net Operating Revenues .58,517,989 10,376

Other Income (including $1,722 Misc. Operations) .... 16,630,-593 2,949

Gross Corporate Income 75,148,582 13,325

Fixed Charges (including for Taxes, $8,324,326) 47,437,108 8,411

Surplus 27,711,474 4,914

OPERATING EXPENSES Total Per Mile

Maintenance of Way $17,133,450 $3,038

Maintenance of Equipment 31,628,858 5,608

Traffic Expenses 2,645,373 469

Transportation Expenses , 51,879,176 9,198

Miscellaneous Operations and General Expenses 6,107,488 1,083

Ratio of Operating Expenses to Operating Revenues 65.1 per cent.

Other Income above includes $3,587,449 from Rentals, $72,702 Hire of Equipment— Cr., .$6,961,516 Dividend Income, $3,650,025 Income from Funded and Unfunded Securities and Accounts and $1,875,608 Separately Operated Properties— profit.

•APPROPRIATION OF GROSS INCOME

1915 1914 1913 1912 1911 1910 For Maintenance Expenses ..26.4% 26.9% 29.6% 27.5% 25.4% 26.9% For Traffic and Other Operat- ing Expenses 32.9% 38.3% 36.2% 36.0% 36.4% 37.3%

For Fixed Charges 25.7% 27.9% 24.3% 25.7% 25.5% 23.4%

F'or Surplus 15.0% 6.9% 9.9% 10.8% 12.7% 12.4%

100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% ♦New York Central R. R. for 1915; N. Y. C. & H. R. R. for previous year.

1915 1914 1913 1912

Ton miles per mile of road 3,140,643 2.632,716 3,013.931 2,753.318

Passenger miles per mile of road .... 418,161 538,066 581,104 .536,016

Miles, second etc. main track 3,618 2.4.30 2,427 2,374

Miles, yards and sidings 4,562 3,252 3,202 3,062

See Notes, page 262.

OF RAILROADS 81

NEW YORK, ONTARIO & WESTERN RY.

Avg. Miles Avg. Miles

Year Oper. Gross Surplus Year Oper, Gross Surplus

1902-3 548 $6,176,518 $860,972 1909-10 566 $8,578,783 $1,312,797

1903-4 548 6.652,484 886.829 1910-11 566 9,295.702 1.142,936

1904-5 548 7,090,889 1.281.277 1911-12 566 8.527,944 473,729

1905-6 , 546 7.265,058 1,187,501 1912-13 566 9,454,349 1,211,633

1906-7 546 8,202,360 1,654,782 1913-14 568 9,040,012 663,692

1907-8 546 8,121,494 1.520,589 1914-15 *568 8,926,946 612.507

1908-9 546 8,290,170 1,343,127 1915-16 *568 8,942,252 983,878

•Includes 55 miles trackage.

STOCK OUTSTANDING BONDS OUTSTANDING

June 30. 1916. June 30, 1916.

Common $58,113,983 Fixed Interest $28,630,000

Preferred 4,000 Equipment 1,498,000

CAPITALIZATION

Total Per Mile

Stock $58,117,983 $102,320

Bonds 30,128,000 53,042

Total 88,245.983 155,362

Fixed Charges below include $270,727 for Rentals, $178,433 for Hire of Freight Car— Dr., $17,699 Rent of Other Equipment and $11,055 Amorti- zation of Discount on Funded Debt.

INCOME ACCOUNT YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1916

Average miles operated, 568. Total Per Mile

Operating Revenues $8,942,252 $15,743

Operating Expenses 6.202.922 10,921

Net Operating Revenues 2.739,330 4,822

Other Income (including $26,9-33 Rent of Equipment) . 188.225 332

Gross Corporate Income 2,927,555 5.154

Fixed Charges (including for Taxes, $259,923) 1,943,677 3,422

Surplus 983,878 1,732

OPERATING EXPENSES

Total Per Mile

Maintenance of Way $1,055,019 $1,858

Maintenance of Equipment 1.391,248 2.449

Traffic Expenses 93,119 1&4

Transportation Expenses (inch $168,696 Water Lines) 3,460,087 6,092

General Expenses 203.449 358

Ratio of Operating Expenses to Operating Revenues 68.3 per cent.

Other Income above includes $22,712 from Rentals.

APPROPRIATION OF GROSS INCOME

1915-16 1914-15 1913-14 1912-13 1911-12 1910-11

For Maintenance Expenses ..26.8% 30.0% 30.7% 27.9% 31.5% 26.7% For Traffic and Other Operat- ing Expenses 41.1% 41.8% 41.7% 39.3% 41.7% 40.8%

For Fixed Charges 21.3% 21.5% 20.4% 20.3% 21.5% 20.7%

Yov Surplus 10.8% 6.7% 7.2% 12.5% 5.3% 11.8%

100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

1915-16 1914-15 1913-14 1912-lS

Ton miles per mile of road 1.446,695 1.515,398 1,545,437 1,649,803

Passenger miles per mile of road .. 123,206 129,580 152,627 1.54,427 Miles, second and additional main

track 207 207 207 207

Mib'S, yards and sidings 279 276 274 273

See Notes, page 270.

82 THE EARNING POWER

NEW YORK. PHILADELPHIA & NORFOLK R. R.

Avg. Miles Avg. Miles

Year Oper. Gross Surplus Year Oper. Gross Surplus

1908 *147 $2,681,672 $601,556 1912 *147 $3,566,l'.a $595,475

1909 *147 3,163.265 760.923 1913 *147 3,931,218 483,782

1910 *147 3.466,617 763.459 1914 *147 3.743.272 407.607

1911 *147 3.326.455 509,057 1915 *147 4,154,985 686,196 *Includes 36 miles of water routes.

STOCK OUTSTANDING BONDS OUTSTANDING

December 31, 1915. December 31, 1915.

Common $2,500,000 Fixed Interest $2,600,000

Income Bonds (4%) 1,000,000 Equipment 700,000

CAPITALIZATION

Total Per Mile

Stock and Income Bonds $3,500,000 $23,810

Bonds 3,300,000 22,449

Total 6,800,000 46,259

Fixed Charges below include .$3,277 for Rentals. $91,192 for Hire of Equipment— Dr., and $40,000 Interest (4%) on Income Bonds

INCOME ACCOUNT YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 1915

Average miles operated, 147. Total Per Mile

Operating Revenues (1916. $5,194.1.59) $4,154,985 $28,265

Operating Expenses (1916. $3,443,073) 3,141,199 21,369

Net Operating Revenues (1916. $1.7.51,086) 1,013,786 6,896

Other Income (including $4,645 from Rentals) 65,2.59 444

Gross Corpoi'ate Income 1.079,045 7,340

Fixed Charges (including for Taxes, $120,052) 390,849 2,658

♦Surplus 688,196 4,682

OPERATING EXPENSES

Total Per Mile

Maintenance of Way ^382,251 $2,600

Maintenance of Equipment 863,730 5,876

Traffic Expenses 56,800 386

Transportation Expenses 1,656,800 11,271

General Expenses 181,618 1,236

Ratio of Operating Expenses to Operating Revenues 75.6 per cent.

*This Surplus before deducting $52,953 Appropriations for Sinking and Other Reserve Funds.

Other Income above includes $52,953 Income from Sinking and Other Reserve Funds.

APPROPRIATION OF GROSS INCOME

1915 1914 1913 1912 1911 1910 F'or Maintenance Expenses ..29.57o 28.7% 27.6% 25.2% 29.9% 26.7% For Traffic and Other Operat- ing Expenses 44.9% 50.5% 49..3% 46.9% 45.0% 41.9%

For Fixed Charges 9.3% 10.1% 11.0% 11.4% 9.9% 9.5%

For Surplus 16.3% 10.7% 12.1% IG.5% 15.2% 21.9%

100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

1915 1914 1913 1912

Ton miles per mile of road 2,947,537 2.622.662 2.967,000 2,592,565

Passenger miles per mile of road .... 132,888 154,480 156,065 144,185 Miles, second and additional main

track .. .. 60 56

Miles, yards and sidings .. .. 89 79

See Notes, page 270.

OF RAILROADS 83

NEW YORK, SUSQUEHANNA & WESTERN R. R.

Avg. Miles Avg. Miles

Year Oper. Gross Surplus Year Oper. Gross Surplus

1901-2 238 $2,583,928 $221,359 1908-9 236 $3,176,096 $120,187

1902-3 238 2,626,554 327,747 1909-10 236 3,356,043 189,754

1903-4 238 2.535.701 243,248 1910-11 236 3.668.714 534.537

1904-5 . 238 2,664,084 92,515 1911-12 239 3,-503.948 172.895

1905-6 238 2,671,503 t24,333 1912-13 239 3,590,070 208,096

1906-7 236 3.017.049 3.238 1913-14 225 3.738,889 230,383

1907-8 236 3.165,164 t84.306 *1915 225 4,101,036 429,766

*The fiscal 3'ear has been changed to the calendar year. For the six months July 1 to December 31, 1914, the N. Y., S. & W. R. R. reported: Operating Revenues, $1,906,029; Operating Expenses, $1,325,- 422; Net Operating Revenues. $580,607; Surplus, $143,934. tDeficit.

STOCK OUTSTANDING BONDS OUIKTANDING

December 31, 1915. December 31, 1915.

Common $13,000,000 Fixed Interest $15,433,500

Preferred (4^c) 13,4XK),000 Equipment 800,000

CAPITALIZATION Total Per Mile

Stock $26,000,000 $115,556

Bonds 16,233,500 72,148

Total 42,233,500 187,704

Fixed Charges below include $101,259 for Rentals, $135,931 Hire of F'reight Cars (balance), $36,814 Rent for Equipment.

INCOME ACCOUNT YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 1915 Average miles operated, 225. Total Per Mile

Operating Revenues $4,107,036 $18.2.53

Operating Expenses 2.611.638 11,607

Net Operating Revenues 1,495,398 6.646

Other Income (including $6,229 Rent of Equipment).. 183,008 813

Gross Corporate Income 1,678,406 7,459

Fixed Charges (including for Taxes, $163,656) 1,248,640 5.549

*Surplus ., 429,766 1,910

OPERATING EXPENSES Total Per Mile

Maintenance of Way : $352,010 $1,564

Maintenance of Equipment 453.993 2,018

Traffic Expenses 38,571 171

Transportation Expenses 1,683,164 7,481

General Expenses 83,900 373

Ratio of Operating Expenses to Operating Revenues 63.6 per cent.

*This Surplus before deducting $105,507 for Additions and Better- ments.

Other Income above includes $133,861 from Rentals.

APPROPRIATION OF GROSS INCOME

1915 1913-14 1912-13 1911-12 1910-11 1909-10

For Maintenance Expenses ..18.8% 21.8% 21.9% 20.3% 19.7% 22.5% For Traffic and Other Operat- ing Expenses 42.1%

For Fixed Charges 29.1%

For Surplus 10.0%,

40.4%,

41.4%

40.1%,

36.7%

37.7%

32.1%o

31.2%

34.9%,

29.7%

34.3%

5.7%

5.5%

4.7%

13.9%,

5.5%

100.0% 100.0%, 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%,

1915 1913-14 1912-13 1911-12 Miles, second and additional main

track 30 30 30 30

Miles, yards and sidings 128 126 124 120

See Notes, page 271.

84 THE EARNING POWER

PENNSYLVANIA R. R.

Avg. Miles Avg. Miles

Year Oper. Gross Surplus Year Oper. Gross Surplus

1902 3.638 1112,663.330 $25,313,436 1909 3,947 ?153,564.527 $35,159,088

1903 3,656 122,626,419 24,821,892 1910 3,977 160.457,298 37,775,484

1904 3,820 118,145,270 24.741,628 1911 4,018 157,487,413 37,318,351

1905 3,839 133,921.992 30.102.517 1912 4.025 174,607.598 42.153.964

1906 3,897 148,239,882 35.674,301 1913 4.044 185,400,825 41,920,833

1907 3,903 164,812,826 33.575.056 1914 *4.512 187,251.851 34,090,765

1908 3,980 136,296,871 28,207,661 1915 *4.541 196,628,170 42,425,322 Note The figures given above are as stated in the annual reports for the years mentioned. Since

the publication of these reports the Company's statements have in a few instances been somewhat revised for the sake of comparison. No changes hare been made above. •Includes Northern Central R. R. merged July 1. 1914.

STOCK OU;rSTANDING BONDS OUTSTANDING

December 31. 1915. December 31, 1915.

Common $499,203,700 F'ixed Interest $222,071,230

Stock per mile of road Equipment 17,583,017

operated $109,932 Guaranteed Stock 14,048,000

Real E.state 2,313,160

Fixed Charges below include $8,574,860 Rent for Leased Roads, $1,795,609 for Other Rental and $1,325,955 Hire of Equipment— Dr.

INCOME ACCOUNT YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 1915 Average miles operated, 4..')11. Total Per Mile

Operating Revenues ri916. $230. 278, .533) $196,628,170 $43,301

Operating Expenses ((1916. $166.164..582) 142,736.561 31,433

Net Operating Revenues (1916, $64,113,9.51) 53,891,609 11.868

Other Income (1916. $23,164,885) 20,375,321 4,487

Gross Corporate Income 74.266,930 16,355

Fixed Charges (including for Taxes, $7,594,404) 31,841,608 7,012

♦Surplus 42,425,322 9,343

OPERATING EXPENSES _ , , « .,.,

Total Per Mile

Maintenance of Way (1916, $28,819,322) .$25,328,513 $5,578

Maintenance of Equipment (1916, $45,805,126) 38,641,078 8.510

Traffic Expenses 2,386,064 525

Transportation Expenses •. 68,6.50,005 15,118

Miscellaneous Operations and General Expenses 7,730,901 1,702

Ratio of Operating Expenses to Operating Revenues 72.6 per cent.

*This Surplus beiore deducting .$7,286,850 for Additions and Better- ments. $3,2.39.913 Construction Expenses on Leased and Branch Roads directly operated and $1.946,.341 Income applied to Sinking and Other Reserve Funds.

APPROPRIATION OF GROSS INCOME ,, . 1915 1914 1913 1912 1911 1910 For Mamtenance Expenses ..29.57o 30..5% 30.7% 29..5% 28.0% 28.9% For Traffic and Other Operat- ing Expenses 36.3% 40.3% 36.6% 35.8% 36.8% 35.6%

For Fixed Charges 14.7% 12..5% 12.2% 13.0% 13.8%, 14.3%,

For Surplus 19..5% 16.7% 20.5%, 21.7% 21.4% 21.2%

100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

^ ., ., , 1915 1914 1913 1912

Ton miles per mile of road 5,031,834 4.899,285 5,759,586 5,469,201

Passenger miles per mile of road .. 414,235 447,146 488,723 456,753 Miles, second and additional main

^ti'ack 2.423 2,410 2,228 2,212

Miles, yards and sidings 4,187 4,153 3,774 3,690

See Notes, page 271.

OF RAILROADS 85

PENNSYLVANIA CO.

Avg. Miles Avg. Miles

Year

Oper. Gross Surplus

Year Oper. Gross

Surplus

1901

1.526 136.390,582 $5,187,930

1910 1.416 $54,170,874

111.342,149

1905

1,389 40,596,439 *6,054,431

1911 1.416 50.110.590

11,429.981

1906

1.411 46,036,806 *8,933.8SS

1912 tl.7.51 62,950.425

12,702.639

1907

, 1.414 51,337,433 *9. 896.487

1913 Tl,750 65,835.378

9,793,102

190S

1.416 .39.423.796 *9,0Sn.010

1914 tl.757 54,698. .327

4.728.072

1909

1.416 48.631.988 *10,8S1.667

1915 tl,758 60,857.677

*9.70i.347

♦Surplus before deducting Appropriations to Sinking Funds.

tincludes Cleveland, Akron & Columbus Ry.

STOCK OUTSTANDING

BONDS OUTSTANDING

December 31, 1915.

December 31, 1915

Common 180,000,000 *Fixed Interest $121,698,544

Per mile of road op- Equipment 6,131.678

erated $45,532

*Does not include $33,855,275 bonds held by Company.

Fixed Charges below include $10,313,068 Rent for Leased Roads. $642,291 for Other Rentals and $194,487 Hire of Equipment— Dr.

INCOME ACCOUNT YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 1915

Average miles operated, 1,758. Total Per Mile

Operating Revenues (1916, $75.-569,026) $60,857,677 $34,617

Operating Expenses (1916, $51,131,323) 41.097.778 23.378

Net Operating Revenues (1916. $24,437,703) 19,759.899 11,239

Other Income (including $4.33.717 from Rentals) 10,247,424 5.829

Gross Corporate Income (1916. $32,601,663) 30,007,323 17,068

Fixed Charges (including for Taxes, $3,233,108) 20,302,976 11,548

*Surplus 9,704,347 5,520

OPERATING EXPENSES

Total Per Mile

Maintenance of Wav (1916, $8,988,306) $7,848,268 $4,464

Maintenance of Equipm.ent (1916, $13,088,372) 10,-351,509 5,888

Traffic Expenses 909,367 518

Transportation Expenses 20,196.113 11,488

General Expenses " 1.792,521 1.020

Ratio of Operating Expenses to Operating Revenues 67.5 per cent.

*This Surplus before deducting $2,969,723 for Additions and Better- ments and $1.9.34,624 applied to Sinking and Other Reserve Funds.

Other Income above includes $8,130,113 Dividend Income and $1,566,221 Income from Securities, Account and Sinking Funds.

APPROPRIATION OF GROSS INCOME

1915 1914 1913 1912 1911

For Maintenance Expenses 25.6% 27.47o 29.4% 26.8% 23.5%

For Traffic and Other Operating Ex- penses 32.2% 35.9% 34.5% 31.3% 30.5%

For Fixed Charges 28.6% 29.5% 23.7% 25.4% 2S.0%

For Surplus 13.6% 7.2% 12.4% 16.5% 18.0%

100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

1915 1914 1913 1912

Ton miles per mile of road 4,142,809 3,803,575 4,975,615 4,742,271

Passenger miles per mile of road .. 273,894 278,461 295,437 280,467 Miles, second and additional main

track 917 917 929 898

Miles, yards and sidings 1.690 1,661 1,625 1,580

See Notes, page 276.

86

THE EARNING POWER

PHILADELPHIA, BALTIMORE & WASHINGTON R. R.

Avg. Miles Avg. Miles

Year Oper. Gross Surplus Year Oper. Gross Surplus

1904 708 $13,603,863 $2,120,079 1910 713 $19,021,707 $2,231,159

1905 706 14.676.2C>4 2.t!:.3.765 1911 713 18,914,244 2.281.315

1906 706 15.941.241 2.782,5.52 1912 713 20,280.042 2,023.179

1907 715 17,255..572 1.988.876 1913 717 21,164.341 1.375,783

1908 716 16.126,570 1.456..559 1914 717 20.3.57..563 1.229.1.^3

1909 717 17,543,373 2,127,799 1915 717 21,311,137 2,147,173

STOCK OUTSTANDING BONDS OUTSTANDING

December .31, 1915. December 31, 1915.

Common $25,138,925 Fixed Interest $24,500,000

Equipment 27,663

Real Estate 424.527

*Notes 4,900,000

*Xon-negotiable Debt to Other Companies.

CAPITALIZATION Total Per Mile

Stock $25,138,925 $35,061

Bonds 29,852,190 41,635

Total 54,991,115 76,696

Fixed Charges below include $1,477,004 for Rentals and $654,341 Hire of Equipment— Dr.

INCOME ACCOUNT YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31. 1915 Average miles operated, 717. Total Per Mile

Operating Revenues (1916, $25.-546,425) $21,311,137 $29,72g

Operating Expenses (1916, $18.660.284» 16.446,222 22,938

Net Operating Revenues (1916. $6,886,141) 4,864,915 6,785

Other Income (including $349,697 from Rentals) 1.364.687 1.903

Gross Corporate Income 6.229,602 8,688

Fixed Charges (including for Taxes, $647,.576) 4.082,429 5,694

♦Surplus (1916, $4,065,399) .'•. 2.147,173 2,994

OPERATING EXPENSES Total Per Mile

Maintenance of Wav $3,025,635 $4,220

Maintenance of Equipment 4,032,398 5,62i

Traffic Expenses 320,805 448

Transportation Expenses .: 8,458,592 11,797

Miscellaneous Operations and General Expenses 608,792 849

Ratio of Operating Expenses to Operating Revenues, 77.2 per cent.

*This Surplus before deducting $9(»9.203 Income appropriated for In- vestment in Physical Property and $87,123 Fixed Charges of Branch Lines Directly Operated.

Other Income above includes $989,326 Dividend Income.

APPROPRIATION OF CROSS INCOME

1915 1914 1913 1912 1911 1910 For Maintenance Expenses.... 31.1% 31.6% 32.9% 30.7% 28.7% 30.7% For Traffic and Other Operat- ing Expenses 41.4% 44.7% 44.8% 43.7% 43.7% 42.3%

For Fixed Charges 18.0% 18.0% 16.2% 16.3% 16.1% 15.9%

For Surplus 9..5% 5.7% 6.1% 9.3% U.5% U.1%

100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

1915

Ton miles per mile of road 1,755,811

Passenger miles per mile of road 557,395

Miles, second and additional main

track 360

Miles, yards and sidings 379

See Notes, page 279.

1914

1,650,172

605,329

384

1913

1,765,390

623,835

362

1912

1.657,226

583,845

349 363

Year

Oper,

Gross

Surplus

Year

Oper.

Gross

1902

185

$10, 098, TOT

$1,372,169

1909

191

$14,838,948

1903

101

11,283.045

1,631,469

1910

191

17.052,698

1904

191

10,035.510

1,472.889

1911

215

15,308.561

1905 ,

191

12.837,736

t6.4.53.634

1912

223

18.162.118

1906

191

. 14,481.495

7,418,437

1913

2^4

19.. 597. 919

1907

191

14,904 401

7,043.513

1914

224

15.597.365

1908

191

10,382,620

4,083,799

1915

*225

18.196,068

OF RAILROADS 87

PITTSBURGH & LAKE ERIE R. R.

Avg. Miles _ _ __ Avg. Miles

Surplus $7,615,598

8,16.9.907 6,098,561 7,323,092 6,8.33,737 4.083,419 7,568,779 ♦Includes 28 miles trackage. tSee Notes regarding large annual

deductions from Surplus for Additions, Betterments, Equipment, etc.

Prior to 1905 similar items were included in Operating Expenses.

STOCK OUTSTANDING BONDS OUTSTANDING

December 31, 1915. December 31. 1915.

Common $29,988,285 Fixed Interest $4,000,000

Equipment 3,185,593

$5,997,600 additional stock was subscribed for at par by stockholders in August, 1916.

CAPITALIZATION Total Per Mile

Stock $29,988,285 $133,281

Bonds 7,185,593 31.936

Total 37,173.878 165.217

Fixed Charges below include $530,368 Rent for Leased Roads, $61,488 for Other Rental and $1,106,332 Income Transferred to Other Companies (rentals on traffic basis; $614,017 in 1914 and $1,178,171 in 1913).

INCOME ACCOUNT YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 1915 Average miles operated, 225. Total Per Mile

Operating Revenues .$18,196,068 $80,871

Operating Expenses 8.9^.316 39,930

Net Operating Revenues 9,211,752 40,941

Other Income (including $75,593 from Rentals) 1,033,688 4,594

Gross Corporate Income 10.245.440 45,535

Fixed Charges (including for Taxes, $593,922) 2.676,661 11.896

Surplus 7,568,779 33,639

OPERATING EXPENSES Total Per Mile

Maintenance of Wav $1,496,267 $6,650

Maintenance of Equipment 2,923,100 12,992

Traffic Expenses 168,170 747

Transportation Expenses 4.022,494 17,878

General Expenses 374,285 1.663

Ratio of Operating Expenses to Operating Revenues 49.4 per cent. APPROPRIATION OF GROSS INCOME

1915 1914 1913 1912 1911 1910 For Maintenance Expenses ..22.8% 33.5%. 27.1% 24.1% 24.3% 20.2% For Traffic and Other Operat- ing Expenses 24.0% 28.7% 25.8% 24.4% 26.4% 25.6%

For Fixed Charges 13.9% 13.3% 13.8% 12.8% 10.4% 7.0%

For Surplus 39.3% 24.5% 33.3% 38.7% 38.9% 47.2%

100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

1915 1914 1913 1912

Ton miles per mile Of road 8,983,468 7,777.326 10,165,849 9,111,019

Passenger miles per mile of road .... 501,126 530,971 566,873 514,602 Miles, second and additional main

track 262 261 261 261

Miles, yards and sidings .596 588 579 544

See Notes, page 280.

88 THE EARNING POWER

READING CO.

Avg. Miles

Avg. Miles

Year

Oper. *Gross

tSurplus Year Oper. *Gross

tSurplus

1908-9

1.024 $39,060,234

$12,019,842 1912-13 1,020 $50,562,717

$18,732,508

1909-10

1,022 44.214,915

12,909.599 1913-14 1,120 47.123,370

12,161,114

1910-11

1.014 44.365,442

12.428,304 1914-15 1.120 40.714.822

11.022,236

1911-12

1,015 44,476,525

11,551,697 1915-16 1.127 57,298,393

19,258,365

♦Transportation Revenues Railway. tTotal for Railway, Coal Co. and Reading Co.

STOCK OUTSTANDING *BONDS OUTSTANDING

June 30, 1916. June 30, 1916.

Common $70,000,000 Reading Co $119,281,809

Preferred 1st (4%) 28,000,000 P. & R. Ry. ." 27,733,804

Preferred 2d (4%) 42,000,000 P. & R. Coal & Iron Co. 990,000

♦Includes only bonds outstanding In the hands of the public. Does not Include bonds owned as follows: by the Reading Co.; S20,000,000 Purchase Money Loan of Ry. Co.; $6,931,- 000 General Mortgage bonds and Eqvilpment Certificates; and SI. 200, 000 Purchase Money bonds of the Reading Co., and by the P. & R. Ry. Co.; S2,092,000 of Its own bonds. The Fixed Charges below do not Include $1,200,000 and S2,830,364 respectively paid by the P. &. R. Ry. to the Reading Co. for Interest on $20,000,000 Purchase Money Loan and for Rent of Equipment. Other Income below likewise does not include these sums. On June 30, 1916, the P. & R. C. & I. Co. owed the Reading Co. S71,603.135 on capital account.

CAPITALIZATION Total Per Mile

Stock $140,000,000 $124,224

Bonds r 148,005,613 131,327

Total 288,005,613 255,.551

Fixed Charges below Include §5,550,392 Fixed Charges and Expenses of Reading Co., $6,645,707 Fixed Charges P. & R. Ry.. Including S2.860.623 for Rent of Leased Roads and $846,045 Hire of Equipment Dr.. and S57S.783 Fixed Charges P. & R. Coal & Iron Co.

INCOME ACCOUNT YEAR ENDING JUNE 30. 1916

Average miles operated, 1.11^7. Total Per Mile

Operating Revenues (P. &. R. Ry.) $57,298,393 $50,841

Operating Expenses (P. & R. Ry.) 33.389,659 29,627

Net Operatipg Revenues (P. & R. Ry.) 23,908,734 21,214

Other Income (see below) '. 8,124,513 7,209

Gross Corporate Income (All Companies; 32.033,247 28,423

Fixed Charges 12,774,882 11,335

♦Surplus (All Companies) 19,259,365 17,088

OPERATING EXPENSES Total Per Mile

Maintenance of Way $4,019,699 $3,567

Maintenance of Equipment 8,829,256 7,834

Traffic Expenses 574.003 509

Transportation Expenses 18,875.748 16,749

Miscellaneous Operations and General Expenses 1,090,952 968

Ratio of Operating Expen.ses to Operating: Revenues 5S.3 per cent. *Thls Surplus before deducting $426,892 tJenerai Mortgage Sinking Fund, $995,660 Additions and Betterments Railway and $709,345 Improvements at Collieries, etc.

Other Income above includes $2,568,176 Operating Profit of P. & R. Coal & Iron Co. before deducting Fixed Charges and Improvements at Collieries as above.

APPROPRIATION OF GROSS INCOME

1915-16 1914-15 1913-14 1912-13 1911-12 1910-11 For Maintenance Expenses ..19.6% 24.4% 25.4% 22.1% 24.9% 23.9% For Traffic and Other Operat- ing Expenses 31.5%

For Fixed Charges 19.5%

For Surplus 29.4%

l(K).07o 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

1915-16 1914-15 1913-14 1912-13

Ton miles per mile of road 5.804,466 4,313,206 4,556,013 5,353.447

Passenger miles per mile of road .... 316,687 321,846 363,165 402,731 Miles, second and additional main

track 645 644 639 623

Miles, yards and sidings 1,106 1,081 1,075 1,1.56

See Notes, page 281.

33.8%

32.1%

29.4%

31.9%

30.6%

21.2%

20.5%

16.9%

20.1%

21.0%

20.6%

22.0%

31.6%

23.1%

24.5%

OF RAILROADS

89

ULSTER & DELAWARE R. R.

Year

1904-5 1905-6 1906-7 1907-8 . 1908-9 1909-10 ♦Deficit

Avg. Miles

Oper.

129 129 129 129 129 129

Gross

1822,836

913,837

888,770

9^.6.698

1,024,439

1.139.253

Surplus

$80,535

99.248

49,003

1.652

101,300

137,196

Year

1910-11 1911-12 1912-13 1913-14 1914-15 1915-16

Avg. Miles Oper.

129 129 129 129 129 129

Gross

$1,122,929 1,061,015 1,138,053 1,076.217 1,033.734 1,025,638

Surplus $56,119

65,085

72.701

23.620

*58.874

150,690

STOCK OUTSTANDING

June 30, 1916. Common $1,900,000

BONDS OUTSTANDING

June 30, 1916. Fixed Interest $3,000,000

CAPITALIZATION

Total Per Mile

Stock $1,900,000 $14,729

Bonds 3,000,000 23,2.56

Total 4,900,000 37,985

Fixed Charges below include $1,171 for Rentals, $46,903 for Hire of Freight Cars and $10,241 Rent for Passenger Train Cars.

INCOME ACCOUNT YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1916

Average miles operated, 129. Total Per Mile

Operating Revenues $1,025,638 $7,951

Operating Expenses 707,160 5,482

Net Operating Revenues 318,478 2,469

Other Income (including $3,151 from Rentals) 79,959 620

Gross Corporate Income 398,437 3,089

Fixed Charges (including for Taxes, $48,708) 247,747 1,921

Surplus 150,690 1,168

OPERATING EXPENSES

Total Per Mile

Maintenance of Way $106,238 $824

Maintenance of Equipment 122,902 953

Traffic Expenses 21,212 164

Transportation Expenses 411,284 3,188

General Expenses , 45,524 353

Other Income above includes $62,9.50 Income from Funded Securities and $8,238 from Hire of Equipment.

APPROPRIATION OF GROSS INCOME

1915-16 1914-15 1913-14 1912-13 1911-12 1910-11 For Maintenance Expenses ..20.8% 34.5% 26.1% 26.1% 26.9% 28.6% For Traffic and Other Operat- ing Expenses 43.2% 48.5% 49.2% 46.2% 45.3% 45.4%

For Fixed Charges 22.4% 22.5% 22.6% 21.3% 21.7% 21.0%

For Surplus 13.6% Deficit 2.1% 6.4% 6.1% 5.0%

100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Ton miles per mile of road

Passenger miles per mile of road

Miles, yards and sidings

See Notes, page 284.

1915-16

329,684 90,612

1914-15 370,065 102,360

100.0%

1913-14 1912-13

376,277 433.409

109,246 117,531

34 31

90 THE EARNING POWER

WEST JERSEY & SEASHORE R. R.

Avg. Miles Avg. Miles

Year Oper.

Gross

Surplus

Year

Oper.

Gross

Surplus

$732,838

1904 321

$4,307,597

$687,861

1910

353

$5,981,673

1905 322

4,652,405

967.202

1911

356

6,247,667

709,934

1906 358

5,206,284

797,648

1912

356

6,395,256

887,880

1907 363

5,654,904

655.194

1913

356

6.405,787

473.394

1908 356

5,114,889

527,184

1914

356

6,472,599

555,959

1909 356

5,542,101

811,124

1915

*358

6,942,485

574,784

♦Includes 34

miles of

trackage.

STOCK OUTSTANDING BONDS OUTSTANDING

December 31, 1915. December 31, 1915.

Common $9,641,600 Fixed Interest $6,280,000

Guaranteed 83,550 Equipment 4,025

Other 22,155 Real Estate 46,300

*Other 1,984,000

♦Non-negotiable Debt to Affiliated Companies.

CAPITALIZATION Total Per Mile

Stock $9,747,305 $27,227

Bonds 8,314,325 23,224

Total 18,061,630 50,451

Fixed Charges below include $205,624 for Rentals and $73,781 for Hire of Equipment— Dr.

INCOME ACCOUNT YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 1915

Average miles operated, 358. Total Per Mile

Operating Revenues (1916, $7,829,320) $6,942,485 $19,392

Operating Expenses (1916, $5,957,483) 5,435,685 15,183

Net Operating Revenues (1916, $1,871,837) 1,506,800 4,209

Other Income (including $106,474 from Rentals) 134,201 375

Gross Corporate Income 1,641,001 4,584

Fixed Charges (including for Taxes, $419,758) 1,066,217 2,978

♦Surplus 574,784 1,606

OPERATING EXPENSES Total Per Mile

Maintenance of Way $1,218,221 $3,403

Maintenance of Equipment 1,033.443 2,886

Traffic Expenses 146,797 410

Transportation Expenses 2,828,592 7,901

General Expenses 208,632 583

Ratio of Operating Expenses to Operating Revenues 78.3 per cent.

♦This Surplus before deducting $85,862 Income applied to Sinking and Other Reserve Funds.

APPROPRIATION OF GROSS INCOME

1915 1914 1913 1912 1911 1910 For Maintenance Expenses ..31.8% 30.3% 31.3% 28.6% 29.7% 29.4% For Traffic and Other Operat- ing Expenses 45.0% 47.3% 47.1% 44.6% 45.8% 45.5%

For Fixed Charges 15.1% 14.1% 14.4% 13.57o 13.37o 13.0%

For Surplus 8.1% 8.3% 7.2% 13.3% 11.2% 12.1%

100.0% lOO.OTo 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

1915 1914 1913 1912

Ton miles per mile of road 312,764 262.082 276,145 283,873

Passenger miles per mile of road .... 788,588 815,345 839,325 819,824 Miles, second and additional main

track 138 138 138 138

Miles, yards and sidings 120 119 118 115

See Notes, page 285.

OF RAILROADS 91

ANN ARBOR R. R.

Avg. Miles

Avg. Miles

Year Oper. Gross

Surplus

Year

Oper.

Gross

Surplus

1904-5 292 $1,922,593

$266,299

1910-11

292

$1,934,616

$163,146

1905-6 292 2.175.231

4.'^n.705

1911-12

"^92

2.120.385

180,2<84

1906-7 296 2,182.518

377.473

1912-13

292

2,084.696

153.802

1907-S . 296 1,8S2.7S2

60.396

1913-14

292

2.096.169

80.994

1908-9 301 1,708,481

22.244

1914-15

292

*2. 310. 902

100.757

1909-10 292 1,856.160

90.292

1915-16

292

*2,684,309

335,888

♦Outside Operations included.

STOCK OUTSTANDING BONDS OUTSTANDING

June 30. 1916. June .30, 1916.

Common $3,250,000 Fixed Interest $7,000,000

Preferred (S^r) 4,000,000 Fquipment 512,181

*Notes 6% due 1919 618,000

Other 1,277

*$132.000 in Treasury or Pledged ; Secured by $1,500,000 Improvement and Extension Mortgage 5% -Bonds. Loans and Bills Payable, June 30, 1916. $115,500.

CAPITALIZATION Total Per Mile

Stock $7,250,000 $24,829

Bonds 8.131.458 27,847

Total 15,381,458 52.676

F'ixed Charg-es below include $55,305 for Hire of Freight Cars and $8,262 for Hire of Other Equipment.

INCOME ACCOUNT YEAR ENDING JUNE 30. 1916

Average miles operated, 292. Total Per Mile

Operating Revenues $2,684,309 $9,193

♦Operating Ext)enses 1.792,641 6,139

Net Operating Revenues 891.668 3, 054

Other Income (including $27,526 from Rentals) 34,926 120

Gross Corporate Income 926.594 3,174

Fixed Charges (including for Taxes, $159,764) 590,706 2,023

Surplus 335,888 1,151

OPERATING EXPENSES Xotal Per Mile

Maintenance of Way $241,835 $828

♦Maintenance of Equipment 379.899 1,301

Traffic Expenses 966,136 3,309

Transportation Expenses 58,871 202

Miscellaneous Operations and General Expenses 145,900 500

Ratio of Operating Expenses to Operating Revenues 68.1 per cent.

*Not including $35,828 Charges on Account of Equipment Retired, deducted from Surplus.

APPROPRIATION OF GROSS INCOME

1915-16 1914-15 1913-14 1912-13 1911-12 1910-11 For Maintenance Expenses ..22.9% 23.9% 24.1% 25.8% 2L9% 25.4% For Traffic and Other Operat- ing Expenses 43.1%

For Fixed Charges 21,7%

For Surplus 12.3%o

46.3%,

44.5%7

41.1%

43.5%

40.3%

25.5%

27.6%

25.9%,

26.3%

26.1%

4.3%,

3.8%,

7.2%

8.3%

8.2%

100.0% 100.0% 100.0%, 100.0% 100.0%c> 100.0%,

1915-16 1914-15 1913-14 1912-13

Ton miles per mile of road 1,187,110 934,045 952,095 9.57.819

Passenger miles per mile of road .... 94,518 88,578 101,570 103.253

Miles, 3'ards and sidings 122 109 108

See Notes, page 286.

92 THE EARNING POWER

CHICAGO & ALTON R. R.

Avg. Miles Avg. Miles

Year Oper. Gross Surplus Year Oper. Gross Surplus

1904-5 915 111,797.314 $1,602,3&5 1910-11 1,025 $14,592,519 $157,474

1905-6 970 11.586.094 1,009,980 1911-12 1,026 14,535,722 t303,722

1906-7 970 12,809,426 1.827.561 1912-13 1,026 15,2.54.865 tl.883,291

1907-8 994 12,087,735 1.320,912 1913-14 1,033 14.156.275 t2,762.290

1908-9 998 12.500,682 1,666.261 1914-15 1,050 14.245,624 11,690,156

1909-10 998 13,358.475 1,071,988 1915-16 *1,052 16,-325,288 tl71,578

♦Includes 37 miles of trackage. fDeficit.

STOCK OUTSTANDING BONDS OUTSTANDING

June 30, 1916. June 30, 1916.

Common $19,542,800 tFixed Interest $85,920,000

Preferred (4%) 19,544,000 Equipment 847,000

♦Preferred {A%) 868,700 Guaranteed Stocks 3,693,200

Other 32.615

♦Cumulative; "Prior Lien and Participating Preferred Stock." tincludes $16,8.34,000 General Mortgage 6% bonds due 1932, issued 1912-13 to 1914-15. Loans and Bills Payable, June 30. 1916. $2,657,040.

CAPITALIZATION Total Per Mile

Stock $39,955,500 $37,981

Bonds 90,492,815 86,019

Total 130.448,315 124.000

Fixed Charges below include $.396,537 for Rentals. $419,880 for Hire of Equipment. $250,024 Guaranteed Dividends and Interest on Securities of Subsidiary Companies, and $109,949 Amortization of Discount on Funded Debt.

INCOME ACCOUNT YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1916 Average miles operated, 1.052. Total Per Mile

Operating Revenues $16^25.288 $15,518

Operating Expenses 11,601,794 11,028

Net Operating Revenues 4,723,494 4,490

Other Income (including $209,104 from Rentals) 254,182 242

Gross Corporate Income 4,977,676 4,732

Fixed Charges (including for Taxes, $566,839) 5,149,254 4.895

Deficit 171,578 163

OPERATING EXPENSES Total Per Mile

Maintenance of Way $1,849,002 $1,758

Maintenance of Equipment 3,421,351 3,252

Traffic Expenses 430.104 409

Transportation Expenses ^5, 414,097 5,146

General Expenses 487,241 463

Ratio of Operating Expenses to Operating Revenues 71.1 per cent. •After deduction $06,821 Transportation for Investment— Cr. APPROPRIATION OF GROSS INCOME

1915-16 1914-15 1913-14 1912-13 1911-12 1910-11 For Maintenance Expenses ..3L8% 34.7% 39.37o 38.7% 31.6% 28.3% For Traffic and Other Operat- ing Expenses 38.2% 42.5% 46.1% 45.2% 43.3% 43.2%

For Fixed Charges 3L1% 34.6% 34.0% 28.4% 27.2% 27.4%

For Surplus Deficit Deficit Deficit Deficit Deficit 1,1%

100.0%

1915-16 1914-15 1913-14 1912-13

Ton 'miles per mile of road 1,865,451 1,367.001 1,417,882 1,722,506

Passenger miles per mile of road .... 194,227 188,805 211,581 209,952 Miles, second and additional main

track 256 256 195 195

Miles, yards and sidings 450 449 441 418

See Notes, page 287.

OF RAILROADS 93

CHICAGO & EASTERN ILLINOIS R. R.

Receivers appointed May 27, 1913. Avg. Miles Avg. Miles

Year

Oper.

Gross

Surplus

Year

Oper

Gross

Surplus

1904-5

880

$8,423,378

1780,466

1910-11

*1,275

$14,880,409

$1,541,767

1905-6

948

9.928.563

1,144,958

1911-12

*1,275

15,215,513

1,0.57.799

1906-7 ,

948

11.337,714

1.670.168

1912-13

*1,275

16.214.972

1449.366

1907-8

957

10.742.731

1,136.228

1913-14

*1,283

15,544,286

tl, 525,892

1908-9

966

10.269,619

695.171

1914-15

*1.282

14.210,602

tl,844.497

1909-10

966

11,750.356

1.175,790

1915-16

1.234

16.698.404

86.579

♦Includes EvansvUle Terre Haute R. R. (310 miles) merged, and 159 miles of trackage 1914-15). tDeflcit.

STOCK OUTSTANDING BONDS OUTSTANDING

June 30, 1916. June 30, 1916.

Common $7,217,800 Fixed Interest $58,379,150

Preferred (6%) 11,070,400 Equipment 4,302,000

Other 14,552 Receiver's Certificates ... 6,200,000

CAPITALIZATION Total Per Mile

Stock $18,302,752 $14,832

Bonds 68,879,150 55.817

Total 87,181,902 70,649

Fixed Charges below include $801,130 for Rentals, $2,837,019 Interest Accrued on bonds, etc., but not paid and $13,628 loss. Separately Oper- ated Properties.

INCOME ACCOUNT YEAl5 ENDING JUNE 30, 1916

Average miles operated, 1.234. Total Per Mile

Operating Revenues $16,698,404 $13,532

Operating Expenses 12,680,319 10,276

Net Operating Revenues 4,018,085 3,256

Other Income (including $308,427 from Rentals) 1,077,501 873

, Gross Corporate Income 5,095,586 4,129

** Fixed Charges (including for Taxes, $703,457) 5,009,007 4,059

Surplus 86,579 70

OPERATING EXPENSES Total Per Mile

Maintenance of Way $2,284,191 $1,851

Maintenance of Equipment 3,849,471 3,119

Traffic Expenses 302,563 245

Transportation Expenses ; 5,693,140 4,614

General Expenses 550,955 447

Ratio of Operating Expenses to Operating Revenues 75.9 per cent.

Other Income above includes $594,107 from Hire of Equipment.

APPROPRIATION OF GROSS INCOME

1915-16 1914-15 1913-14 1912-13 1911-12 1910-11 For Maintenance Expenses ..34.5% 36.7% 37.8% 33.9% 26.4% 24.5% For Traffic and Other Operat- ing Expenses 36.8% 41.8% 40.0%, 40.5% 41.4% 39.4%,

For Fixed Charges 28.2% 34.0% 31.3% 28.2% -25.6%, 26.3%

For Surplus 0.5% Deficit Deficit Deficit 6.6% 9.8%

100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

1915-16 1914-15 1913-14 1912-13

Ton miles per mile of road 1,901,203 1,522,213 1,724,429 1,824,851

Passenger miles per mile of road .... 125,758 116,696 129,773 131,630 Miles, second and additional main

track 335 3.35 210 210

Miles, yards and sidings 685 720 712 674

See Notes, page 288.

94 THE EARNING POWER

CHICAGO & NORTHWESTERN RY.

Avg. Miles

Avg. Mil

es

Year Oper.

Gross

Surplus

Year

Oper.

Gross

Surplus

1904-5 7,408

$55,745,275

$10,417,822

1910-11

7.719

$74,918,186

$12,603,100

LU05-6 7.429

63,481.577

14,800,552

1911-12

7,859

73,698,591

11,467,330

1906-7 7,551

68,878,931

15,740,566

1912-13

7,974

83.035,921

14.875.013

1907-8 7.631

63.219,-344

13,638.691

1913-14

8.071

83,677,0.51

12,306,142

1908-9 7,635

65,978,471

13,935,294

1914-15

8,108

80,779.675

11.914 049

1909-10. 7,629

74.175,685

12,298,497

1915-16

8.108

91,313,866

17,282,510

♦STOCK

OUTSTANDING

JBONDS

OUTSTANDING

Ju

ne 30, 1916.

June 30, 1916.

Common $130,117,029 Fixed Interest .....$203,848,000

tPreferred (7%) 22,395,120 Equipment 7,396,000

*Does not include S2, 338,502 Common Stock and $3,835 Preferred Stcct in Treasury. tSee Notes as to provisions governing the payment ot dividends. JDoes not include $3,391,000 Bonds and Equipment Certifi- cates in Sinking Fund, $3,680,000 Equipment Certificates owned by Company.

CAPITALIZATION Total Per Mile

Stock $152,512,149 $18,810

Bonds 211,244,000 26,054

Total 363,756,149 44,864

Fixed Charges below include $941,169 for Rentals.

INCOME ACCOUNT YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1916 Average miles operated, 8.108. Total Per Mile

Operating Revenues $91,313,866 $11,262

Operating Expenses 61,952,329 7,641

Net Operating Revenues 29,361,537 3,621

Other Income (including $841,242 Rentals) 3,053,476 377

Gross Corporate Income 32.415,013 3,998

Fixed Charges (including for Taxes. $4,754,830) 15.132,503 1,866

♦Surplus 17.282,510 2,131

OPERATING EXPENSES Total Per Mile

Maintenance of Way $11,608,646 $1,432

Maintenance of Equipment 14,598,777 1,801

Traffic Expenses 1.307,139 161

Transportation Expenses t31.899.287 3.934

Miscellaneous Operations and General Expenses 2.538.480 313

Ratio of Operating Expenses to Operating Revenues 67.8 per cent. *This Surplus before deducting $216,570 paid account of Sinking Funds. tAfter deducting $219,936 Transportation for Investment— Cr. Other Income above includes $1,561,932 Dividend Income; the larger part of this latter item represents Dividends received on C, St. P., M. & O. Ry. Stock.

APPROPRIATION OF GROSS INCOME

1915-16 1914-15 1913-14 1912-13 1911-12 1910-11 For Maintenance Expenses ..27.8% 27.6% 28.1% 26.7% 24.6% 24.8% For Trafl!ic and Other Operat- ing Expenses 37.9% 39.9% 40.5% 40.7% 43.9% 43.2%

For Fixed Charges 16.0% 18.3% 17.2% 15.4% 16.6% 15.8%

For Surplus 18.3% 14.2% 14.2%, 17.2% 14.9% 16.2%

100.0% 100.0%, 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

1915-16 1914-15 1913-14 1912-13

Ton miles per mile of road 766,685 766,685 771,892 787,925

Passenger miles per mile of road .... 139,405 139,405 145,389 139,683 Miles, second and additional main

track 1,110 1,106 1,106 1,105

Miles, yards and sidings 3,421 3,407 3,364 3,279

See Notes, page 291.

OF RAILROADS 95

CHICAGO, BURLINGTON & QUINCY R. R.

Avg. Miles Avg. Miles

Year Oper. Gross Surplus Year Oper. Gross Surplus

1904-5 S.871 $65,973,046 $13,804,778 1910-11 *9,071 $88,272,208 $16,843,763

1905-6 8.896 74.146.671 12.742.431 1911-12 *9.n74 86.723.068 14.106.754

1906-7 9.122 82,473,2.51 13,155.207 1912-13 *9,109 94.374.4.^6 19.430.746

1907-8 9,236 78,459,064 12.115.489 1913-14 *9.1.39 92.7.50.934 17.114.407

1908-9' 9.282 79.414,357 12.338.136 1914-15 *9..339 91.125.061 19.041.919

1909-10 *9,023 87.869.517 13.308.746 1915-16 *9.368 102,358,893 29.846,270 *Does not include operations of Quincj'. Omaha & Kansas City R. R. (262 miles), previously included.

STOCK OUTSTANDING BONDS OUTSTANDING

June 30, 1916. June 30, 1916.

Common $110.8.39.100 *Fixed Interest $179,858,500

*Does not include $23,074,600 bonds in Sinking- Funds and $11,069,900 bonds held by company.

CAPITALIZATION Total Per Mile

Stock $110,839,100 $11,832

Bonds 179.8.58.500 19,199

Total 290.697.600 31,031

Fixed Charges below include $1,380,446 for Rentals, $204,865 for Hire of Equipment and $41,888 Loss from Separately Operated Properties.

INCOME ACCOUNT YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1916 Average miles operated. 9.368. Total Per Mile

Operating Revenues $102,358,893 $10,926

Operating Expenses 61,713,161 6,588

Net Operating Revenues 40,645,732 4,338

Other Income (including $590.5-59 Hire of Equipment) . 2,394,152 256

Gross Corporate Income 43,0.39,884 4,594

Fixed Charges (including for Taxes, $4,449,291) 13,193.614 1,408

*Surplus ' 29,846,270 3,186

OPERATING EXPENSES Total Per Mile

Maintenance of Way $12,014,208 $1,283

Maintenance of Equipment 15.592,110 1,664

Traffic Expenses 1,610,627 172

Transportation Expenses t29, 550,936 3,154

Miscellaneous Operations and General jjjxpenses 2,945,280 315

Ratio of Operating Expenses to Operating Revenues 60.3 per cent. *This Surplus before deducting $6,000,000 Miscellaneous Apnropriations of Income, $2,400,000 Fund for Accrued Taxes— not yet due and $1,817,679 Income applied to Sinking Fund. tAfter deducting $405,845 Transportation for Investment Cr. Other Income above includes $709,837 from Rentals.

APPROPRIATION OF GROSS INCOME

1915-16 1914-15 1913-14 1912-13 1911-12 1910-11 For Maintenance Expenses ..26.3% 29.6% 29.87b 31.37o 30.0% 34.1% For Traffic and Other Operat- ing Expenses 32.6% 36.4% 35.4% 36.9% 35.8% 35.6%

For Fixed Charges 12.6% 15.9% 14.6% 15.9% 15.6% 15.6%

For Surplus 28.5% 18.1% 20.2% 15.9% 18.6% 14.7%

100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

1915-16 1914-15 1913-14 1912-13

Ton miles per mile of road 1.076,784 913,068 942,339 965,083

Passenger miles per mile of road .... 119,306 115,561 126,058 125,139 Miles, second and additional main

track 922 889 878 786

Miles, yards and sidings 3,033 2,972 2,920 2,854

See Notes, page 292.

96 THE EARNING POWER

CHICAGO GREAT WESTERN R. R.

Chicago Great Western R. R. (757 miles), Mason City & Ft. Dodge R. R. (375 miles). Wisconsin, Minnesota & Pacific R. R. (208 miles) and trackage (86 miles).

Avg. Miles Avg. Miles

Year Oper. Gross Surplus Year Oper. Gross Surplus

1909-10 1.498 $12,074,743 $360,536 1913-14 1,496 $14,260,522 $895,930

1910-11 1,492 12,618,642 767.908 1914-15 1,428 13,920,685 868,194

1911-12 1,469 12.795,2i2 183,609 1915-16 *1,456 15,067,345 1,763,994

1912-13 1,496 14,000,618 1,245,039

*Includes 86 miles of trackage. Actual mileage operated June 30, 1916, 1.496 miles.

STOCK OUTSTANDING BONDS OUTSTANDING

Common $45,210,513 Fixed Interest $37,899,000

♦Preferred (47c) 43.867,902 Miscellaneous 17,925

♦Cumulative since July 1, 1914.

CAPITALIZATION Total Per Mile

Stock ; $89,078,415 $61,180

Bonds 37.916,925 26,042

"Potal 126 995 340 87 222

Fixed Charges below include $690,701 for Joint Facilities, Rents, $36,448 for Hire of Equipment— Dr. and $34,123 Miscellaneous Rents.

INCOME ACCOUNT YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1916

Average miles operated, 1,456. Total Per Mile

Operating Revenues $15,067,345 $10,348

Operating Expenses 10,716.498 7,360

Net Operating Revenues 4,350,847 2,988

Other Income (including $120,545 from Rentals) 197,495 136

Gross Corporate Income 4,548.342 3,124

Fixed Charges (including for Taxes, $553,129) 2.784,348 1,912

Surplus 1,763,994 1,212

OPERATING EXPENSES Total Per Mile

Maintenance of Way $1,983,135 $1,362

Maintenance of Equipment -2,436,353 1,674

Traffic Expenses 546,487 375

Transportation Expenses *5,241,849 3,600

General Expenses 508,674 349

Ratio of Operating Expenses to Operating Revenues 71.1 per cent.

♦After deducting $16,670 Transportation for Investment— Cr.

APPROPRIATION OF GROSS INCOME

1915-16 1914-15 1913-14 1912-13 1911-12 1910-11 For Maintenance Expenses ..29.0% 30.2% 30.5% 26.5% 26.7% 26.7% For Traffic and Other Operat- ing Expenses 41.2%

For Fixed Charges 18.2%

For Surplus 11.6%

100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

1915-16 1914-15 1913-14 1912-13

Ton miles per mile of road 1,054,140 965,400 911.648 894 070

Passenger miles per mile of road 112,058 110,401 107,069 102',925 Miles, second and additional main

track *129 *129 128 105

Miles, yards and sidings *575 *559 549 544

♦Includes 70 miles second track and 54 miles of sidings, representing trackage rights leased from other Companies.

See Notes, page 294.

43.6%

44.7%

45.9%

50.7%

47.3%

20.1%

18.6%

18.8%

21.2%

20.0%

6.1%

6.2%

8.8%

1.4%

6.0%

OF RAILROADS 97

CHICAGO, INDIANAPOLIS & LOUISVILLE RY.

Avg. Miles Avg. Miles

Year Oper. Gross Surplus Year Oper. Gross Surplus

1904-5 592 $5,609,751 $1,114,949 1910-11 617 $6,186,879 $712,587

1905-6 592 5,921.001 1.197,636 1911-12 617 6,503.653 409,loJ

1906-7 600 5,988,867 995,026 1912-13 617 6,985,944 538.361

1907-8 611 5.167.160 362.363 1913-14 618 6.944.005 145.79.S

1908-9 616 5,319,386 502,887 1914-15 621 6,559.665 239,773

1909-10 616 6,020.242 861.580 1915-16 *622 7,694.734 892.083

♦Includes 104 miles of trackage,

STOCK OUTSTANDING BONDS OUTSTANDING

June 30, 1916. June 30, 1916.

Common $10,500,000 Fixed Interest $19,530,000

Preferred (4%) 5,000,000 Equipment 1.378,000

Other 26,160

CAPITALIZATION

Total Per Mile

Stock $15,500,000 $24,920

Bonds 20,934.160 33,656

Total 36.434,160 58.576

Fixed Charges below include $648,070 for Rentals, $4,862 for Rent of Equipment, $.53,598 Loss from Separately Operated Properties.

INCOME ACCOUNT YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1916

Average Miles operated, 622. Total Per Mile

Operating Revenues $7,694,734 $12,371

Operating Expenses 5,111.039 8.217

Net Operating Revenues 2,583,695 4,154

Other Income (including $41,344 from Rentals) 338,272 544

Gross Corporate Income 2,921,967 4,698

Fixed Charges (including for Taxes, $364,212) 2,029,883 3,263

Surplus 892,084 1,435

OPERATING EXPENSES

Total Per Mile

Maintenance of Way $838,061 $1,347

Maintenance of Equipment 1,279.091 2,056

Traffic Expenses 239.099 385

Transportation Expenses *2,532,261 4,071

Miscellaneous Operations and General Expenses 222,527 358

Ratio of Operating Expenses to Operating Revenues 66.4 per cent.

♦After deducting $6,212 Transportation for Investment— Cr.

Other Income above includes $82,979 Hire of Freight Cars— Cr.. $8,793 from Rent of Equipment, $73,200 Dividend Income and. $33,455 Profit- Separately Operated Properties.

APPROPRIATION OF GROSS INCOME

1915-16 1914-15 1913-14 1912-13 1911-12 1910-11 For Maintenance Expenses ..26.3% 26.8% 29.5% 28.3% 27.7% 26.3% For Traffic and Other Operat- ing Expenses 37.3%

For Fixed Charges 25.3%

For Surplus 11.1%

42.1%

43.1%

42.1%

43.5%

40.4%

27.6%

25.4%

22.2%

22.7%

22.2%

3.5%

2.0%

7.4%

6.1%

11.1%

100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%, 100.0%

1915-16 1914-15 1913-14 1912-13

Ton miles per mile of road 1,278,490 903.381 1,021,932 1,019,016

Passenger miles per mile of road .... 144,670 140,087 149,993 142.375

Miles, yards and sidings 274 276 278 274

See Notes, page 296.

98 THE EARNING POWER

CHICAGO, MILWAUKEE & ST. PAUL RY.

Avg. Miles Avg. Miles

Year Oper. Gross Surolus Year Oper. Gross Surplus

1904-5 6.908 $49,884,114 $12,478,783 1910-11 7,-512 $64,975,995 $16,358,314 1905-6 6.961 55.423.fir3 l-..547..*^2n 1911-12 7,.511 63,122,743 9.930.446 1906-7 7,050 60.548..5.54 13.866.775 IPl-'-l^ *9.612 , *94 0R4.055 *1,S.140.745 1907-8 7.500 56,9.?2.fi20 11,547,530 1913-14 *9,684 *91,782,691 *15.476.286 1908-9 7..512 59,897.463 12.8.81.832 1914-15 *10,053 *91,4?.5.374 *11.96<?.282 1909-10 7,512 64.846.894 18.681,784 1915-16 *10,130 *105,646,484 *16,717,357

♦Includes mileage and operations of Chicago, Milwaukee & Puget Sound Ry., merged Januarj' 1, 1913.

STOCK OUTSTANDING BONDS OUTSTANDING

June .30, 1916. June 30, 1916.

Common $117,411,300 jFixed Interest $356,157,255

♦Preferred {l'7c) 116,274,900

♦See Notes for provisions governing payment of Dividends, tln- cludes Bonds of C, M. & Puget Sound Ry. assumed. Does not in- clude $132.418,2CX) Bonds held in Treasury and $2,086,700 Bonds held in .Insurance and Sinking Funds.

CAPITALIZATION Total Per Mile

Stock $233,722,384 $23,072

Bonds 356,662,155 35,208

Total 590.384,539 58,280

Fixed Charges below include $1,039,907 for Rentals and $908,132 for Hire of Equipment.

INCOME ACCOUNT YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1916 Average miles operated,